The Rules For Class Participation - 1278 Words

1. Explain the rules for class participation: a. You can’t use electronics in the classroom unless it’s a laptop and you’re taking notes. b. You can have any drink in class, but since the classroom isn’t a cafeteria, you can’t have food. c. If you get a tardy it’s a two point deduction and if you don’t attend a class it’s a four point deduction. d. A simple rule is to create a positive learning environment for everyone, so we must make sure to be respectful. If you are not, then points will be deducted from your grade. 2. Explain how the grading works a. There is a total of 300 points in this class and grades are determined by 10%. So for example from 270-279 would be a A-, 260-269 would be a B+, and so on and so forth. b. The deductions for late assignments is 2 point per day if not turned in. c. The due dates of the online assignments are September 15th, October 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th, November 10th, 17th, 24th, December 1st, and the 8th. The date for the midterm is November 6th and the final exam is December 15th, but you can take it early on the 10th of December. d. The only form of extra credit is the even numbered discussions that are worth ten points each. 3. List the required textbooks: The Hobbit, Bridge to Terabithia, and Power of Two. 4. a. Literature is the expression of the human condition. b. Literary criticism is the explanation of the what and how of literature. Discuss the importance of making connections with the audience a. The Power of Two is more thanShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Online Discussion Boards ( Odbs )1682 Words   |  7 Pagesinteraction (Suler, 2010). Well-designed ODBs can be used to supplement in-class lectures. This allows nursing educators to use online interactions as an extension of the classroom environment (Suler, 2010). Major concepts in class can be emphasized and reinforced using the conversation threads of an ODB. 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The Effects of Evolving Technology on Business Industries Free Essays

string(106) " such that company transparency is relatively existent for those who can get hold of certain information\." The only thing in this world that is constant is change. This is a pretty well known saying which existed as long as I can remember. Looking back 50 years and more from today, I can recall how we used to tackle in class about how people have lived centuries ago. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Evolving Technology on Business Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization is the result of humans’ endless search for improvements and technological innovations. It is an integration of economy, labor and technology all over the world, even across international borders. This movement has increased the flow of capital, goods, competition and labor across borders which, in turn, had deeply changed the true meaning of citizenship. Today, the upsurge of developments in technology has an undeniable effect on how organizations function within and with other institutions. For an organization, its success and failure greatly depends on how the organization was structured to work. The drive to improve peoples living pattern is still the same drive or factor which triggers international firms to globalize their operations and with that, today’s latest technology makes the company’s and consumers life easier It enable companies to reduce cost by using powerful equipment and machineries while consumers can have easier access to the newest products in the market. The evolution of a new technology poses both threats and opportunities within the industry dynamics and alters the competitive forces. Industry leaders face the possibility of losing their number one spot and being replaced by new entrants and underdogs (because barriers to entry may be lowered). Therefore, technology transformations may provide major shifts in industry dynamics. Depending on its organizational capabilities, it may be good or bad to make drastic adjustments to the existing organization when a disruptive innovation occurs. Disruptive change occurs so intermittently that there is no routine response to them. How to adjust its new product development process depends on the organizations capabilities. Capabilities are its resources, processes (how they transform resources to products), and corporate values. While resources are adaptable to change, processes are not as flexible, and values are even less flexible. Therefore, when a disruptive technological change takes place, a company must look to its capabilities. If the change requires a tremendous amount of financial resources that the company does not have, then they obviously cannot invest in the change, on the flipside, if a large capital firm faces the same change, the investment in the disruptive technology may be so small that it is not worth their more valuable time. The same scenario goes for processes and values. Large firms may be so large, that altering their processes to suit a change may be too burdensome whereas smaller firms may have a much easier time making adjustments in their processes. In addition, it is more likely that a smaller firm’s values may be more flexible for disruptive change than large companies whose longstanding values are not easily adaptable. To overcome the natural inertial found in most large organizations, managers may create new structures within the organization where new processes can be developed. This involves taking out employees with the required capabilities and drawing a new boundary around them. When the organization’s values may not be compatible with the new processes, firms may create a whole new business venture which is wholly owned by the firm but located in a new location with the people and other resources necessary to create an environment conducive to the new process. And last, when a firm doesn’t have the supporting values, resources or processes for sustaining a new process, it may acquire another firm which does. Several factors may impact particular stages in the evolution of a new technology. For example, technological advances, changes in what consumers want or need, and changes in regulations may trigger a technology evolution. In addition, industry transformations often feed of environmental changes. However this necessary transformation, once triggered, does not actually begin until managers notice this need and act upon it. Once acting, managers seek to experiment, and this experimentation deeply impacts the industry as it helps shape what the new industry structure will be. Consequently, as experiments fail, the number of firms in the industry generally is cut in half, but occasionally may increase. An industry’s response to a new technology determines when and how the technological transformation will occur. Without managerial insight and decision making related to the technology, the current industry structure will persist. Managers are essentially the ones investing in these new technologies and they choose how and when to market them to the public, and therefore have ultimately the initial control over the transformation. If the industry as a whole does not respond favorably to the technology, they may not choose to invest and market it, therefore stunting its evolution. On the contrary, if they respond favorably, it helps accelerate the evolution of the transformation. If the industry as a whole is indecisive meaning some favor some do not and some are on the fence, the transformation may only see moderate growth, and depending on which direction opinions are swayed (for or against the technology), the transformation may be completed or the evolution may never meet its peak. One of the first innovations of technology was the mainframe system and it was during the 1960’s that computers and such started to impart in organizations and firms. The classic ways of hierarchal management systems started to disintegrate during these times. Through technological change, globalizing the operations of an international company could put up a plantation where they can reduce their labor cost. Not denying the fact that different people from different countries have different tastes, international companies could also personalize their products according to the consumers or markets preferences without eliminating their standards and trademark. Before, information control was basically handled by those in managerial positions in a linear manner according to rank. With these systems of technology, information was handled as such that company transparency is relatively existent for those who can get hold of certain information. You read "The Effects of Evolving Technology on Business Industries" in category "Essay examples" The onslaught of developments in technology has triggered organizational structure alterations. These changes can be illustrated by considering two key variables: the location of information and the location of decision rights in the organization (Brynjolfsson E. and H. Mendelsson). With the innovative technological systems today, important information can now possibly be available to all employees or workers in an organization at all level. Before, information handling and privilege was limited to the persons that directly handle them. Now, the responsibility of handling information is left to information technologists or technicians. The technicians then put data or information into databases which are accessible to all components of the organization For example, an organization can have a website, regularly maintained and updated by professional information technologists. Here, employees, managers and customers alike, can log on to the website and access whatever information they needed. Furthermore, having websites is also a great advantage since helpful feedbacks are easier to get from both customers and employees. The growing need for technology innovations paves way to strengthening certain industries in a corporate world; like data management services, computer engineers, information technologists, software designers or engineers and so on and so forth. Although there are still organizations or companies that are hesitant to use information technology, a growing number of organizations are opening to the possibility of restructuring their organizations to accommodate the privileges of using the modern information systems of today. Seeing as technology innovation not only saves time and money; it is also efficient and very flexible with respect to the organization that opts to infuse it in their existing structure. Not only does it revolutionize an organization from within. Through the substantially used World Wide Web, organizations can communicate and cooperate with other organizations in a faster, more efficient and cheaper way. Today, with the use of virtual offices, it is possible to close deals and agreements from participating people around the world without physically meeting each other. Nowadays, as more organizations focus on the importance of information flow, organizational structures continue to change into more complex systems.   As a result, there is also a continuous drive to make more improvements and advancement in the field of technological innovation. Nowadays, laptop and desktop have been swamped by new connectivity options. There are various of USB devices like Digital cameras, iPods, PDAs, FireWire, thumb drives and MP3 players; with current technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and infrared (IrDA). With all these growing popularity of mobile gadgetry facilitating flexible working, evidently employees could work on the move. Endpoint systems today are easily available. They are user friendly and normally come with more than one feature. With all these conveniences, it also means that employees could be carrying around large amounts of sensitive information unaware of the potential risks. Not only can confidential data be lost, employees could also unwittingly introduce malware onto the network while uploading work from portable devices. However, together with this mobility in work, come various viruses which will bust your files as well as your gadgets. The influence of technology made a very big impact in the lives of people of today’s generation as well as totally changes the definitions of some of the world’s necessity, comfort and luxury. Whether it is a thing or a hobby, the identification of these classes has been change as time goes by. A car which was once called a luxury has been changed overtime and has now become a necessity. Televisions which was once only owned by royal families and other prominent people has now become a household item of which it already has become a necessity for it is where people get ideas of what is happening around them. Even though cars and televisions made living mush more accessible than before, the public is increasingly concerned about global warming and the negative environmental impacts of vehicles. (Clean Cars Alliance) Simple living as it is, our grandfather’s grandfather would ride on horses, plant trees and vegetables, raise cows, pigs and chicken, living under one roof with a family, sitting warm in front of the fireplace. These are the few comforts that men used to acquire. Back then, when a person owns a car, another home, have jewelries, it has been said that the person had lived luxuriously. But today, when technologies have changed, some of the past decades luxuries had become today’s necessities such as cars, cellular phones, different gadgets. Not only material things are affected but also of a man’s way of living. In, conclusion technology impacts should be seen as they truly are and not covered up by the media or industry, and even if they are individuals should be educated enough to realize the positives and negatives. If a company wishes to pursue becoming the industry technological standard, they must first be aware of the competitive strategies they can adopt to increase the probability of success. First, it is important to understand the need for a strong installed base. The installed base is the amount of customers/users of a particular piece of equipment or product that is necessary for the technology. Increasing the installed base for the technology is key, because a large installed base means there will most likely be a greater availability and widespread use of compatible products/software/applications. If the installed base for your technology is large and there is a large availability of applications or widespread use of compatible products, then your technology is another step closer to becoming the standard. With that, your technology is more valuable to consumers since they can use it in more places. A greater installed base, more available compatible products and providing greater value to the consumers leads to greater demand for the technology. As this continuous cycle keeps increasing the demand for your technology, it is well on its way to becoming the industry standard. A manager should ask several questions. First, it is important to know if a technology standard is needed or even desired in the industry. Second, it is important to perform market research to learn what customers want or need, this will help make the technology the standard if it satisfies the customer. Third, it is important to understand the market as a whole paying particular to competitors. Pursuing a technology standard makes sense for a firm when there is no current standard and one is desired by the industry. In addition, for some companies, becoming the industry standard may be essential in maintaining their leadership position and ensuring their existence in the long run.   There are different avenues that one can receive formal and informal education dealing with technological literacy, but there is always room for improvement, much like with technology itself. Going back to the saying that the only thing in this world that is constant is change, we understand that change is inevitable. And just like the billiard balls, it is change which moves people to experiment and innovate, making the world more comfortable and luxurious, yet complicated. Change, constant as it is, has the power to move, improve and change lives. Where men once lives only with necessities, change have been able to make men of today experience luxuries and comforts by making it today’s necessities. With this, the luxuries of the past has been a need of today, making the luxurious living from the past a more simple and yet more challenging living of today REFERENCES Brynjolfsson E. and H. Mendelsson.â€Å"Information Systems and the Organization of Modern Enterprise†. Center for Coordination Science. June 1993. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Center for Coordination Science. 19 December 2006 http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP200/ Clean Cars Alliance. 23 November 2006 http://www.cfenv.org/air/cars/index.htm â€Å"Organizational Structure†.Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 18 April 2006. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 19 November 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure.       How to cite The Effects of Evolving Technology on Business Industries, Essay examples

Global Business Emergence of Technologic Advancement

Question: Describe about the Global Business for Emergence of Technologic Advancement. Answer: Introduction The emergence of technologic advancement helps to create several leaps in the process of communication, information, financial flows, and transportation. The particular phenomenon has continued to cause the world to feel small and smaller, as everything is coming closer to the grasp of individuals and businesses across the world (Johanson and Mattsson 2015). According to Cavusgil (2014), the continuous growth in the technologic environment has offered multiple advancements in the international trade to generate key possibility for the companies and consumers to participate in the business transactions in almost any country worldwide. Based on the survey developed by World Trade Organization, the overall volume of international merchandise has enormously increased 35 times from 1951 to 2016. As part of preparing this report, an optimum strategy for market entry will be drawn up for Ego Pharmaceuticals by considering two different international markets, such South Africa and China. Ego Pharmaceuticals is one of the constantly growing companies of Australia with the aim of expanding its market within the international platform. The company has already established its presence in the international market, where this particular paper deals with establishing its subsidiaries in either South African or Chinese market. In order to achieve such aim, the paper will attempt to recognise the key risks and opportunities from the different perspectives associated with the specific markets to make a judicious selection of the proper market. Subsequently, it will focus on developing viable market entry strategy communicating with the marketing needs and objectives of the selection company for contributing the marketing success. It is worth to mention that establishing the operations in the international market decidedly relies on the fact that international brands and products are enthusiastically accepted by the consumers of a different country (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy (2012) importantly mentioned that the growing impact of globalisation has caused opportunities and challenges at the same time for the organizations for building their brand and venture in overseas. The noteworthy concern is the primary reason for undertaking the study based on the two different marketplaces and developing the rational understanding in the following segments. Background of the Company Ego Pharmaceutical is privately held Australian multinational corporation operating in the pharmaceutical industry with the involvement of a wide range of skin care products and services. The company has successfully developed its principal subsidiaries in some of the prevailing markets of Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom. Apart from that, the international business of Ego can also be traced in the various other worldwide locations of the entire Middle East region (Ego Pharmaceuticals 2016). From analysing the companys website, one of the dynamic facts can be identified critically suggesting that the skincare products are explored, manufactured, and marketed by the firm for over 60 years while maintaining a workforce comprising of more than 450 employees. Amongst the identified number of workers, 125 staffs are based on international locations outside of Australia. Apparently, the company was founded as a home-based business in Melbourne in 1953 by a chemist with his wife and a nurse. By the period of 1960s, the company has been able to obtain the historic growth regarding its international operations by developing its business in New Zealand, New Guinea, and Singapore. It mostly capitalised in the exporting process to expand the business to the international platform (Ego Pharmaceuticals, 2016). Subsequently, the company has provided special attention to spread its global business in the Middle East region by constructing its regional office in Dubai. Apparently, the company is highly interested in providing critical priority in one of two markets of South Africa and China. For supporting the fulfilment of the identified aim, the subsequent information is developed for contributing the roles played by the department of international operation management. Analysis of Risks and Challenges Johanson and Mattsson (2015) have explained, when a firm make appropriate investment in the foreign market with the inclusion of a value-generating managerial and technological aptitude, both the customers from the target market and the shareholders of the company can be able to take benefits. However, achieving success through the international operations is far from assurance regardless the involvement of an obvious fit between the offerings of the foreign companies and the demands from the host countries (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). There is vast array of factors associated with the emerging and developed economies as political events, economic environment, and changes in societal attitudes continuously disrupting the outcomes of the best-laid plans for different economies. In the midst of the interplay of these forces, a multinational firm must need to make prominent choices by identifying the risks and selecting the appropriate approach for capturing the market. Risks and Challenges associated with South African Market The market position of South Africa is placed perfectly to take advantage of Sub-Saharan African environment driving the expectation of high level of growth rate in the different industries during the coming period (Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy 2012). Due to such reason, increasing the number of companies and investors from dissimilar parts of the world including Europe and US are continuously seeking to capture the opportunities from the target market outside of their traditional marketing barriers. However, by the investigation from the commercial perspective, the market provides least amount of chances regarding the outside penetration irrespective of the robust market structure of its pharmaceutical industry (Paliwoda and Thomas 2013). Based on the study developed by Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013), restriction in market entry is considerably caused by the combined impact from various global, political, social, and economic tensions putting huge pressure on the South African managers. From the financial perspective, the practical participation of South African Reserve Bank is observed significantly due to the uniqueness of roles and functions played by the financial institution. The particular involvement of foundation has caused the risk management not only relying on the risk and return considerations but also taking account of the public interest by keeping the statutory and constitutional responsibilities in the same line (Wei, Samiee, and Lee 2014). In order to develop an international business process within the identified market, the critical investments of the company may significantly give rise to the multiple chief financial challenges like liquidity risk, market risk, and credit risk. With reference to Cavusgil (2014), the result of the investigation related to the outlook for the overall country suggests, the current economy is experiencing a much worse economy and constantly moving towards Fed lift-off. In such scenario, the country is expected having an insightful potential effect in its recent market trends through some major shifts in the sentiment on domestic characteristics (Shi et al. 2014). However, such criteria should need to be present in the marketers agenda. Lastly, the cross-cultural factors associated with the development of business activities by Ego Pharmaceuticals in South Africa are expected to pose some invisible barriers to business communications involving skills and strategies (Hilmersson and Jansson 2012). The particular business would encounter principle level of issues in embedding the cultural values, norms, and characteristics during manufacturing and distributing their skin care products effectively. Risks and Challenges associated with Chinese Market From the commercial aspect, an excessive level of importance is required to be provided by the marketers of an international firm for developing business platform in China. According to Turnball and Vall (2013), the Chinese economy is experiencing a great deal of challenges in its economies, as the country is involved in a huge number of commercial transactions from decades. Over the decades, the country participates in lofty volume of allocation related to funds and physical goods causing the overall scenario to become complicated (Shani and Chalasani 2013). However, Wei, Samiee, and Lee (2014) have clarified that the onset of increasing credit, demand for money, and economic development has contributed to the improvement of the identified risks from the commercial environment by raising the price approximately by 36 percent from 1987 to a1988. From the financial viewpoint, the specific market of the Chinese economy is going through a domestic reformation agenda extensively influenced by the sluggish growth of the countrys GDP over the past few years (Majaro 2013). Some of the critical factors observed during the investigation are continuously plummeting prices of production, weakening investment, production, imports, and economic activities. The combination of these factors has raised a detrimental effect to the overall financial environment of China. Based on the country specific viewpoint, it can be investigated that the Chinese market is indeed a growing pool of investments with the numerous application of trade and manufacturing activities. Due to such fact, increasing amount of companies from different countries is developing their international marketing strategies for entering the Chinese market for extending their business. Apart from the fundamental progress of the economy offering benefits to a large number of firms, new market entrants are gradually becoming more exposed to the substantial strain of competition (Piercy 2014). Lastly, the cross-cultural characteristics associated with the Chinese market are highly different from the Western countries like USA or Australia. Based on the findings outlined by Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014), China is noted as one of the most popular business destinations in Asia driving the particular nation to engage in the international collaboration with a diverse range of foreign partners. The special gaps regarding the cultural perspectives between Australia and China provide a critical degree of threats and challenges to the marketers of Ego to establish its business in the country (Brouthers 2013). Selection of Destination Country Based on the comparison of two different markets of South Africa and China, a proper selection should need to be made for providing assistance in securing the international marketing aim of the chosen organization. The result of the company analysis suggests that the firm has already established its international brand image in the Asian market. Therefore, this particular scenario is a profound platform for the company to establish its international presence in the African market. Therefore, from the preliminary viewpoint, the South African market seems to be an ideal scope for the company for providing the major focus. In case of the Chinese market, the market is full of tight competition with the parallel existence of the domestic firms as well as the key international market entrants (Reardon, Coe, and Miller 2015). Therefore, the marketing planning and investment may encounter a superior level of threats during their application within the identified market. Paliwoda and Thomas (2013) have signified the requirement of an elevated level of skills and techniques to be possessed by the marketers of a company to promote the establishment and smooth functioning of business in the Chinese market. Additionally, the sufficient involvement of the market players in progressing economy of the country has caused multiple diversities and complications in setting up a legitimate business activity in the Chinese market (Wei, Samiee, and Lee 2014). On the other hand, the study conducted by considering the marketplace of South Africa, the government offers the marketers and investors the satisfactory stability of a developed country. The individual sustainability is offered to the foreign companies operating in the marketplace by providing sufficient opportunities from its vibrant emerging market and associated climate (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). The combination of climate and constantly progressing market environment is highly capable of fostering the growth of international business within the country. Additionally, concerning the statement carried forwarded by Shi et al. (2015), the specific market is not highly swarmed by the participation of multiple market players due to the restrictions in entering the foreign market. Based on the comparative overview, South Africa can be referred to as the most sophisticated, diverse, and promising market for Ego Pharmaceuticals for ensuring capturing vivid opportunities from the emerging market (Piercy 2014). Lastly, from the outcomes of investigation, it is also observed that the particular market is strategically located at the centre of African continent receiving key investment opportunities to elevate the overall commercial platform. Discussion and Justification of Proposed Entry Mode for the Chosen Country Various ways are supporting a company to penetrate into the foreign markets. Out of the variety of methods, exporting, franchising, and contract manufacturing are the some of the important techniques applied wisely by the marketers to enter in a chosen international market. According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013), the marketers need to evaluate the specific risks and opportunities linked to their target market to judge the validity of nature related to the identified market entry strategy. Based on the company information, Ego Pharmaceutical has a vast range of experience in developing international business in the global market through the application of exporting strategies. Exporting is referred to as one of the most traditional and well-established forms of ensuring the establishment of international marketing initiatives in the global podium (Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy 2012). Exporting simply deals with marketing the manufactured product of an individual company from one co untry to another. In order to develop an international marketing relationship in the South African market, exporting strategies should need to be employed by the marketers of Ego guided by the simplicity of the process. Apart from that, the overall approach discerns the engrossment of any direct manufacturing hub in the overseas market and downsizing the cost of investment in the overall marketing approach (Brouthers 2013). The selection of exporting strategy is based on the tendency of limited requirement of marketing information as compared to the contract manufacturing. Due to such factor, the overall process also negates necessary involvement of comprehensive marketing strategy in the first place. Alternatively, Turnball and Valla (2013) explained, exporting process eliminates the worries related to developing a suitable control over the market, unlike the venturing method. Most importantly, the exporting mode provides some critical advantages to the Australian drug manufacturing company, as the manufacturing operations will remain home-based driving the overseas operations to become less risky (Majaro 2013). Furthermore, the particular mode will provide vigorous opportunities to Ego for learning the overseas market before deciding upon investing in bricks and mortar stores. Figure 1: Suitable Export Marketing Model for Ego Pharmaceuticals for marketing its skincare products in the international market (Source: Turnbull and Valla 2013) Conclusion From the overall investigation and theoretical guidelines, it is estimated that the South African market is continuously becoming demanding to position it as one of the promising markets in the heart of African continent. It is also understood that Chinese market, despite becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the Asian content creating an extraordinary level of troubles and vulnerabilities for a new market entrant. It is critically observed that the economic growth offered by identified market highly contributes to the growth of industrialisation, which should need to be capitalised by Ego Pharmaceuticals through the implementation of a robust exporting strategy. The particular process will drastically contribute to achieving the critical aims regarding business expansion. References Brouthers, K.D., 2013. Institutional, cultural and transaction cost influences on entry mode choice and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,44(1), pp.1-13. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Ego Pharmaceuticals., 2016. History - Ego Pharmaceuticals. [online] Available at: https://www.egopharm.com/company/history/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Ego Pharmaceuticals., 2016. The Ego Pharmaceuticals History, Evolution Success Story. [online] Available at: https://www.egopharm.com/our-story/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Hilmersson, M. and Jansson, H., 2012. Reducing uncertainty in the emerging market entry process: on the relationship among international experiential knowledge, institutional distance, and uncertainty.Journal of International Marketing,20(4), pp.96-110. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. InKnowledge, Networks and Power(pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Majaro, S., 2013.International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Piercy, N., 2014.Export Strategy: Markets and Competition (RLE Marketing). Routledge. Reardon, J., Coe, B. and Miller, C., 2015. Exploration of Expansion and Associated Timing Strategies for International Market Entry. InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 26-30). Springer International Publishing. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Shi, W.S., Sun, S.L., Pinkham, B.C. and Peng, M.W., 2014. Domestic alliance network to attract foreign partners: Evidence from international joint ventures in China.Journal of International Business Studies,45(3), pp.338-362. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013.Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Wei, Y.S., Samiee, S. and Lee, R.P., 2014. The influence of organic organizational cultures, market responsiveness, and product strategy on firm performance in an emerging market.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.49-70.

Global Business Emergence of Technologic Advancement

Question: Describe about the Global Business for Emergence of Technologic Advancement. Answer: Introduction The emergence of technologic advancement helps to create several leaps in the process of communication, information, financial flows, and transportation. The particular phenomenon has continued to cause the world to feel small and smaller, as everything is coming closer to the grasp of individuals and businesses across the world (Johanson and Mattsson 2015). According to Cavusgil (2014), the continuous growth in the technologic environment has offered multiple advancements in the international trade to generate key possibility for the companies and consumers to participate in the business transactions in almost any country worldwide. Based on the survey developed by World Trade Organization, the overall volume of international merchandise has enormously increased 35 times from 1951 to 2016. As part of preparing this report, an optimum strategy for market entry will be drawn up for Ego Pharmaceuticals by considering two different international markets, such South Africa and China. Ego Pharmaceuticals is one of the constantly growing companies of Australia with the aim of expanding its market within the international platform. The company has already established its presence in the international market, where this particular paper deals with establishing its subsidiaries in either South African or Chinese market. In order to achieve such aim, the paper will attempt to recognise the key risks and opportunities from the different perspectives associated with the specific markets to make a judicious selection of the proper market. Subsequently, it will focus on developing viable market entry strategy communicating with the marketing needs and objectives of the selection company for contributing the marketing success. It is worth to mention that establishing the operations in the international market decidedly relies on the fact that international brands and products are enthusiastically accepted by the consumers of a different country (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy (2012) importantly mentioned that the growing impact of globalisation has caused opportunities and challenges at the same time for the organizations for building their brand and venture in overseas. The noteworthy concern is the primary reason for undertaking the study based on the two different marketplaces and developing the rational understanding in the following segments. Background of the Company Ego Pharmaceutical is privately held Australian multinational corporation operating in the pharmaceutical industry with the involvement of a wide range of skin care products and services. The company has successfully developed its principal subsidiaries in some of the prevailing markets of Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom. Apart from that, the international business of Ego can also be traced in the various other worldwide locations of the entire Middle East region (Ego Pharmaceuticals 2016). From analysing the companys website, one of the dynamic facts can be identified critically suggesting that the skincare products are explored, manufactured, and marketed by the firm for over 60 years while maintaining a workforce comprising of more than 450 employees. Amongst the identified number of workers, 125 staffs are based on international locations outside of Australia. Apparently, the company was founded as a home-based business in Melbourne in 1953 by a chemist with his wife and a nurse. By the period of 1960s, the company has been able to obtain the historic growth regarding its international operations by developing its business in New Zealand, New Guinea, and Singapore. It mostly capitalised in the exporting process to expand the business to the international platform (Ego Pharmaceuticals, 2016). Subsequently, the company has provided special attention to spread its global business in the Middle East region by constructing its regional office in Dubai. Apparently, the company is highly interested in providing critical priority in one of two markets of South Africa and China. For supporting the fulfilment of the identified aim, the subsequent information is developed for contributing the roles played by the department of international operation management. Analysis of Risks and Challenges Johanson and Mattsson (2015) have explained, when a firm make appropriate investment in the foreign market with the inclusion of a value-generating managerial and technological aptitude, both the customers from the target market and the shareholders of the company can be able to take benefits. However, achieving success through the international operations is far from assurance regardless the involvement of an obvious fit between the offerings of the foreign companies and the demands from the host countries (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). There is vast array of factors associated with the emerging and developed economies as political events, economic environment, and changes in societal attitudes continuously disrupting the outcomes of the best-laid plans for different economies. In the midst of the interplay of these forces, a multinational firm must need to make prominent choices by identifying the risks and selecting the appropriate approach for capturing the market. Risks and Challenges associated with South African Market The market position of South Africa is placed perfectly to take advantage of Sub-Saharan African environment driving the expectation of high level of growth rate in the different industries during the coming period (Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy 2012). Due to such reason, increasing the number of companies and investors from dissimilar parts of the world including Europe and US are continuously seeking to capture the opportunities from the target market outside of their traditional marketing barriers. However, by the investigation from the commercial perspective, the market provides least amount of chances regarding the outside penetration irrespective of the robust market structure of its pharmaceutical industry (Paliwoda and Thomas 2013). Based on the study developed by Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013), restriction in market entry is considerably caused by the combined impact from various global, political, social, and economic tensions putting huge pressure on the South African managers. From the financial perspective, the practical participation of South African Reserve Bank is observed significantly due to the uniqueness of roles and functions played by the financial institution. The particular involvement of foundation has caused the risk management not only relying on the risk and return considerations but also taking account of the public interest by keeping the statutory and constitutional responsibilities in the same line (Wei, Samiee, and Lee 2014). In order to develop an international business process within the identified market, the critical investments of the company may significantly give rise to the multiple chief financial challenges like liquidity risk, market risk, and credit risk. With reference to Cavusgil (2014), the result of the investigation related to the outlook for the overall country suggests, the current economy is experiencing a much worse economy and constantly moving towards Fed lift-off. In such scenario, the country is expected having an insightful potential effect in its recent market trends through some major shifts in the sentiment on domestic characteristics (Shi et al. 2014). However, such criteria should need to be present in the marketers agenda. Lastly, the cross-cultural factors associated with the development of business activities by Ego Pharmaceuticals in South Africa are expected to pose some invisible barriers to business communications involving skills and strategies (Hilmersson and Jansson 2012). The particular business would encounter principle level of issues in embedding the cultural values, norms, and characteristics during manufacturing and distributing their skin care products effectively. Risks and Challenges associated with Chinese Market From the commercial aspect, an excessive level of importance is required to be provided by the marketers of an international firm for developing business platform in China. According to Turnball and Vall (2013), the Chinese economy is experiencing a great deal of challenges in its economies, as the country is involved in a huge number of commercial transactions from decades. Over the decades, the country participates in lofty volume of allocation related to funds and physical goods causing the overall scenario to become complicated (Shani and Chalasani 2013). However, Wei, Samiee, and Lee (2014) have clarified that the onset of increasing credit, demand for money, and economic development has contributed to the improvement of the identified risks from the commercial environment by raising the price approximately by 36 percent from 1987 to a1988. From the financial viewpoint, the specific market of the Chinese economy is going through a domestic reformation agenda extensively influenced by the sluggish growth of the countrys GDP over the past few years (Majaro 2013). Some of the critical factors observed during the investigation are continuously plummeting prices of production, weakening investment, production, imports, and economic activities. The combination of these factors has raised a detrimental effect to the overall financial environment of China. Based on the country specific viewpoint, it can be investigated that the Chinese market is indeed a growing pool of investments with the numerous application of trade and manufacturing activities. Due to such fact, increasing amount of companies from different countries is developing their international marketing strategies for entering the Chinese market for extending their business. Apart from the fundamental progress of the economy offering benefits to a large number of firms, new market entrants are gradually becoming more exposed to the substantial strain of competition (Piercy 2014). Lastly, the cross-cultural characteristics associated with the Chinese market are highly different from the Western countries like USA or Australia. Based on the findings outlined by Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014), China is noted as one of the most popular business destinations in Asia driving the particular nation to engage in the international collaboration with a diverse range of foreign partners. The special gaps regarding the cultural perspectives between Australia and China provide a critical degree of threats and challenges to the marketers of Ego to establish its business in the country (Brouthers 2013). Selection of Destination Country Based on the comparison of two different markets of South Africa and China, a proper selection should need to be made for providing assistance in securing the international marketing aim of the chosen organization. The result of the company analysis suggests that the firm has already established its international brand image in the Asian market. Therefore, this particular scenario is a profound platform for the company to establish its international presence in the African market. Therefore, from the preliminary viewpoint, the South African market seems to be an ideal scope for the company for providing the major focus. In case of the Chinese market, the market is full of tight competition with the parallel existence of the domestic firms as well as the key international market entrants (Reardon, Coe, and Miller 2015). Therefore, the marketing planning and investment may encounter a superior level of threats during their application within the identified market. Paliwoda and Thomas (2013) have signified the requirement of an elevated level of skills and techniques to be possessed by the marketers of a company to promote the establishment and smooth functioning of business in the Chinese market. Additionally, the sufficient involvement of the market players in progressing economy of the country has caused multiple diversities and complications in setting up a legitimate business activity in the Chinese market (Wei, Samiee, and Lee 2014). On the other hand, the study conducted by considering the marketplace of South Africa, the government offers the marketers and investors the satisfactory stability of a developed country. The individual sustainability is offered to the foreign companies operating in the marketplace by providing sufficient opportunities from its vibrant emerging market and associated climate (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). The combination of climate and constantly progressing market environment is highly capable of fostering the growth of international business within the country. Additionally, concerning the statement carried forwarded by Shi et al. (2015), the specific market is not highly swarmed by the participation of multiple market players due to the restrictions in entering the foreign market. Based on the comparative overview, South Africa can be referred to as the most sophisticated, diverse, and promising market for Ego Pharmaceuticals for ensuring capturing vivid opportunities from the emerging market (Piercy 2014). Lastly, from the outcomes of investigation, it is also observed that the particular market is strategically located at the centre of African continent receiving key investment opportunities to elevate the overall commercial platform. Discussion and Justification of Proposed Entry Mode for the Chosen Country Various ways are supporting a company to penetrate into the foreign markets. Out of the variety of methods, exporting, franchising, and contract manufacturing are the some of the important techniques applied wisely by the marketers to enter in a chosen international market. According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2013), the marketers need to evaluate the specific risks and opportunities linked to their target market to judge the validity of nature related to the identified market entry strategy. Based on the company information, Ego Pharmaceutical has a vast range of experience in developing international business in the global market through the application of exporting strategies. Exporting is referred to as one of the most traditional and well-established forms of ensuring the establishment of international marketing initiatives in the global podium (Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy 2012). Exporting simply deals with marketing the manufactured product of an individual company from one co untry to another. In order to develop an international marketing relationship in the South African market, exporting strategies should need to be employed by the marketers of Ego guided by the simplicity of the process. Apart from that, the overall approach discerns the engrossment of any direct manufacturing hub in the overseas market and downsizing the cost of investment in the overall marketing approach (Brouthers 2013). The selection of exporting strategy is based on the tendency of limited requirement of marketing information as compared to the contract manufacturing. Due to such factor, the overall process also negates necessary involvement of comprehensive marketing strategy in the first place. Alternatively, Turnball and Valla (2013) explained, exporting process eliminates the worries related to developing a suitable control over the market, unlike the venturing method. Most importantly, the exporting mode provides some critical advantages to the Australian drug manufacturing company, as the manufacturing operations will remain home-based driving the overseas operations to become less risky (Majaro 2013). Furthermore, the particular mode will provide vigorous opportunities to Ego for learning the overseas market before deciding upon investing in bricks and mortar stores. Figure 1: Suitable Export Marketing Model for Ego Pharmaceuticals for marketing its skincare products in the international market (Source: Turnbull and Valla 2013) Conclusion From the overall investigation and theoretical guidelines, it is estimated that the South African market is continuously becoming demanding to position it as one of the promising markets in the heart of African continent. It is also understood that Chinese market, despite becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the Asian content creating an extraordinary level of troubles and vulnerabilities for a new market entrant. It is critically observed that the economic growth offered by identified market highly contributes to the growth of industrialisation, which should need to be capitalised by Ego Pharmaceuticals through the implementation of a robust exporting strategy. The particular process will drastically contribute to achieving the critical aims regarding business expansion. References Brouthers, K.D., 2013. Institutional, cultural and transaction cost influences on entry mode choice and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,44(1), pp.1-13. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Ego Pharmaceuticals., 2016. History - Ego Pharmaceuticals. [online] Available at: https://www.egopharm.com/company/history/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Ego Pharmaceuticals., 2016. The Ego Pharmaceuticals History, Evolution Success Story. [online] Available at: https://www.egopharm.com/our-story/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Hilmersson, M. and Jansson, H., 2012. Reducing uncertainty in the emerging market entry process: on the relationship among international experiential knowledge, institutional distance, and uncertainty.Journal of International Marketing,20(4), pp.96-110. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. InKnowledge, Networks and Power(pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Majaro, S., 2013.International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Piercy, N., 2014.Export Strategy: Markets and Competition (RLE Marketing). Routledge. Reardon, J., Coe, B. and Miller, C., 2015. Exploration of Expansion and Associated Timing Strategies for International Market Entry. InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 26-30). Springer International Publishing. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Shi, W.S., Sun, S.L., Pinkham, B.C. and Peng, M.W., 2014. Domestic alliance network to attract foreign partners: Evidence from international joint ventures in China.Journal of International Business Studies,45(3), pp.338-362. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Turnbull, P.W. and Valla, J.P. eds., 2013.Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Wei, Y.S., Samiee, S. and Lee, R.P., 2014. The influence of organic organizational cultures, market responsiveness, and product strategy on firm performance in an emerging market.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.49-70.

s Effect On Eating Disorders

An Ongoing Obsession: The Media’s Effects on Eating Disorders â€Å"Man I look fat! I will never have the perfect body.† This is what many young women say when they look at themselves in the mirror. There is no such thing as the perfect body, yet many people believe there is. The media is one factor that plays a role in society’s view of young women. Today, women with eating disorders are affected greatly by the media. Television, magazines, posters, and billboards all show how the media views what young women should look like. Tall, rail-thin, a flawless complexion, and great hair are a few of the things that women today should entail. This is impossible, but yet a great number of women believe they can achieve this perfect body which the media portrays. There are many factors that play a role in the way women feel about their bodies, but the key factor is the media. Women feel the constant pressure to mirror the image of models and actresses in magazines and on television. This feeling may begin as early as childhood. A pre-adolescent becomes very aware of how society views the â€Å"perfect body.† A study done in 1996 showed that the amount of time an adolescent watches television and reads magazines is greatly associated with their degree of body displeasure and their need to be thin (National Institute). The average adolescent watches about three to four hours of television a day and therefore will greatly be affected by what the media portrays how young women are supposed to look (Yellon). Many young girls dislike their body, and this feeling is known to grow up until early adulthood, or maybe even last for the rest of one’s life. How can this start so young people may ask, studies have shown that cartoon characters can affect how children feel. Female children describe the roles of girl cartoon characters as â€Å"domestic, interested in boys, and concerned with appearances,† (National Institute). S... 's Effect On Eating Disorders Free Essays on Media\'s Effect On Eating Disorders An Ongoing Obsession: The Media’s Effects on Eating Disorders â€Å"Man I look fat! I will never have the perfect body.† This is what many young women say when they look at themselves in the mirror. There is no such thing as the perfect body, yet many people believe there is. The media is one factor that plays a role in society’s view of young women. Today, women with eating disorders are affected greatly by the media. Television, magazines, posters, and billboards all show how the media views what young women should look like. Tall, rail-thin, a flawless complexion, and great hair are a few of the things that women today should entail. This is impossible, but yet a great number of women believe they can achieve this perfect body which the media portrays. There are many factors that play a role in the way women feel about their bodies, but the key factor is the media. Women feel the constant pressure to mirror the image of models and actresses in magazines and on television. This feeling may begin as early as childhood. A pre-adolescent becomes very aware of how society views the â€Å"perfect body.† A study done in 1996 showed that the amount of time an adolescent watches television and reads magazines is greatly associated with their degree of body displeasure and their need to be thin (National Institute). The average adolescent watches about three to four hours of television a day and therefore will greatly be affected by what the media portrays how young women are supposed to look (Yellon). Many young girls dislike their body, and this feeling is known to grow up until early adulthood, or maybe even last for the rest of one’s life. How can this start so young people may ask, studies have shown that cartoon characters can affect how children feel. Female children describe the roles of girl cartoon characters as â€Å"domestic, interested in boys, and concerned with appearances,† (National Institute). S...

Marks Spencer Essay Essay Example

Marks Spencer Essay Essay Example Marks Spencer Essay Essay Marks Spencer Essay Essay This assignment will examine how Marks Spencers strategies have changed in the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008. These strategies include management strategy, corporate social responsibility, advertising strategy, competitive strategy, and green strategy. However, the most important strategy must be the recovery plan of these ten years. Marks Spencer is the largest clothing retailer in the UK. It is also an international retailer which operates around 760 stores in more than 20 countries around the world. The company provided quality products with affordable prices and they offer a board range of products, such as womenswear, menswear, childrenswear, babywear, and homewares. [Mintel, Retail Review March, 2008] In 1998, the company was hit by falling sales and loss of market share. They suffered 23% decrease in profits, and by 2001 Marks and Spencer was no longer even in the Financial Times list of the top 500 global companies. It was even in danger of being taken over by another company. The reasons of decreasing sales include the failure of the changing needs of its core consumers, boring design and styling and fashionable competitors, such as Gap and Zara. Since then, the company used different strategies to recover the company lost. By the end of 2002, the market share of the clothing market raised up sharply to 14.8%. Marks and Spencer were able to bring back the customers temperately. However, they experienced another rapid drop in market share again in the 2 following years, which was between 2003 and 2004. Fortunately, the company picked up the market share in 2006 with strong performances from menswear, womenswear and childrenwear. The Christmas sales even rose up by 9.2% in 2007, which was officially recovered. Therefore, the question about how the company went down, how it recovered and the presence strategy will be discovered. [Marks Spencer annual report, mintel 2002] First of all, management strategy is involved during these ten years. Marks Spencer has been changed their director board many times since1998. For example, Luc Vandevelde recruited as a chairman in 2000 and now, Stuart Rose is the current executive chairman since 2008. The organisational structure has been changed to be flatter over these ten years They company has been cut down some layers of management since 1998. This would enable their employees at the remaining levels to be more responsible and have more accountability than before. Quicker decision could be made by this strategy which means that the employee has to be ready to give good reason for the decisions that they make. In 2001, Marks Spencer made attention on implementing the changes about adding highly talented retail specialists to the company. Started from 2000, the company have put in place a strong leadership team, which has developed a very good progress in its implementation. They were trying to improve the value of the core market. [Marks Spencer annual report, mintel 2002] From 2003 to 2007, the number of Marks Spencer stores in the UK and Republic of Ireland has increased from 335 to 472, which is a strategy of market penetration, as Marks Spencer marketed the same products to its exciting consumers that are in the UK and Republic of Ireland for increase sales. In addition, launching loyalty card is another activity of market penetration. (Ridder, K.,2003 , Mintel, 2007) Many of Marks and Spencers strategies can be defined by using Ansoffs matrix, which is one of the most useful planning aid. This helps identifying alternative strategies based on products and markets. There are four main growth strategies of possible combinations for products and markets. They are market perpetration, market development, product development and diversification. [Ansoffs Matrix, 2008] Product development is the process that involved the development of new products for current customers. For instance, the David Beckham range of childrenswear, DB07 was launched in 2004. A brand is an empty vessel you imbue with value.(Wally Olins, 1988) This quote relates to Marks and Spencer, because of it was an opportunity of adding value, quality and leadership by having David Beckham to be one of their ranges, DB07. This helped the company to attract new customers in the new market, which is another example of Diversification. Market Development means the process of developing new markets for existing products. Targeting new segments or expanding new geographical markets can achieve the company growth. However, Marks Spencer did not enter any new geographical markets, since the sale of Brooks Brothers in 2000 and King Super Markets in 2006 for their recovery plan. The company tried to focus on Europe, because the company mainly owned stores in the UK, Republic of Ireland and franchises in Continental Europe. The numbers of stores in the Continental European countries are even expanded from 82 to 131 in total between July 2004 and July 2007. Online shopping is one another activity of market development. Marks Spencer started launching online retailing in 1999. By the end of the year 2000, they had expanded 3,000 products on their website. Then, they kept developing their online shopping through partnerships with different companies, such as MSN in 2000 and Amazon in 2005. (mintel, fashion online 2006) Diversification is the most risky strategies in the Ansoff matrix, as it means the company markets new products to new customers, which may not be relevant. For instance, Marks Spencer had a great idea of hiring a famous football player, David Beckhamd and granting him his own clothing range. Their marketing focus is on their clothing range which is probably the right idea due to competitors such as Sainsburys were introducing their own clothing range. The company had incorporated their own style and image which their competitors could not comprehend to. Therefore, it was a big step in the right direction for the company. [Marks Spencer annual report 1999] The recovery plan on 2000/01 was focusing on UK retail business, cutting down cost and businesses and improving capital structure. The strategy of focusing on the UK retail business which included expanding the growing businesses, such as food, home and beauty, but also concentrating on clothing business, accelerate of store renewal programme for more intensive use of space, and getting closer to the consumer, in terms of better marketing communication. The cutting down unprofitable strategy were involved selling the business in Hong Kong to become a franchise, closing down some unprofitable overseas business and the unprofitable clothes catalogue and reducing cost of goods that by using foreign supplier in Asia, which enabled to reduce sales price and to raise profit. After the recovered of the company, the company was planning to drive their core business, such as product, service, environment and brand stretch. Also, they wanted to develop their international business. On the stra tegy of improving capital structure, the company tried to reduce the investment in inventories by 10%, which helped for a reduction of  £90million. Competitions with other retailers, such as Gap and Zara, Marks Spencer has been changed from managing their business as a whole, rather than alone product lines, to Marks Spencer started focusing on the UK market and its core clothing business in 2001. The same year, George David, who is the founder of Next appointed to create a new womens fashion collection for Marks Spencer in February, which called Per Una. This product lines reflected the original Marks Spencers values of quality, value and innovation as well as the modern requirements for fashion. In 2004, the company suggested to change it direction of its clothing. They wanted to attract younger customers and the company bought Per Una from George Davies for  £125m in September. [Marks Spencer annual report, 2001and 2004] Marks Spencer have changed a lot in their childrenswear department in 2002. They have been using high technology of health and safety testing on their ranges of childrenswear, which gave a better quality to their products. As mintel report suggested that the biggest threat to the retail scene at that moment (2002) was Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer was very interesting, as they have suffered for period but they were more of a threat if they get their act together and get things right in childrens clothing they could make a huge difference much bigger than any foreign retailers entering the marketplace. [Mintel report, 2002] In addition, since Marks and Spencer believed that children-wear should involved more personalities and style, in February of 2002, they decided to sign David Beckham to help with their boy-wear range. In September of 2002, Marks and Spencer introduced their new cloth-wear DB07 which gave a boost to with stronger ranges by expanding and introducing a fast fashion element to its Limited Collection range in 2006/07. [mintel, Retail Review UK March 2008] Since the dramatic sales drop, Marks Spencer started spending a huge amount of money on their advertising strategy. In 1999, they spent around  £2 million on the advertising campaign which included television commercial. In 2001, the companys Christmas advertising was launched on the national television. Some of the celebrities were featured saying what Christmas means to them and some of the Christmas gift, products were featured either. In 2004, text marketing was firstly used by Marks and Spencer, which means sending the company brand name to target customers. Also, David Beckham was featured for the collaborated collection, DB07 at the same year, which showed a family men image for the brand and suits the image of Marks Spencer In 2005, an advertising campaign Not just Food was launched in April and the advertising campaign for clothing which Twiggy featured in was also launched in October. In 2006, they launched of Get This Party Started Christmas campaign featuring Shirley Bassey. Marks Spencer has been using different celebrities, media, images and idea to advertise their brands and products. [Barrett, S., 8 Dec 1999] Nowadays, Marks Spencer is more concerned about green and ethical issues than it used to. They were trying to become the most environmentally friendly retailer in the world. In 2006, Marks Spencer has launched a new ethical image, called Look behind the label campaign. The company has been started selling 100% fair-trade cotton since then. In the early 2007, the company planned to spend  £200 million on green strategy in the following 5 years, which included climate change, waste, sustainable raw material. The name of the plan, called Plan A, with a tag line Because there is no Plan B. The implementation of paying 5p for standard sized vest carrier bag when purchasing is one of the commitments of Plan A in 2008. [Marks Spencer.,,Annual report, 2006,2007 and 2008] In conclusion, Marks Spencer has been experienced a period of decreasing sales and had acknowledged numerous issues for their recovery strategy, which mainly on their clothing range with pricing quality, fit, segmentation, product appeal and availability. Then, the company was aiming to offer something for everyone with better price, better quality of products and deliver quicker. For example, the Zip, Blue Harbour and Classics range of clothing, they have a big range of clothing lines to offer new and current customers. Marks Spencer is doing well at the moment and officially has been recovered already. The sales of these two years have been increased. However, the market and consumer behaviour is always changing rapidly. The company should not be too proud of their sales profits. It is recommended for Marks Spencer continues to concentrate on their marketing communication to build up a long term relationship with their customers and to regain more competitive advantages such as online or telephone delivery for food in the future. Moreover, hopefully more creative designs with a cultural based can be seen in Marks Spencer soon which to match their demanding consumers. Finally, the green strategy would help Marks Spencer into another stage by not just offering us better products, but also improving a better world.

The Crimes of Florida Death Row Inmate Emilia Carr

The Crimes of Florida Death Row Inmate Emilia Carr Emilia Carr, 26, was sentenced to death for her role in the murder of Heather Strong in what authorities described as a deadly love triangle. Case Summary Josh Fulgham and Heather Strong started dating when Strong was 15 years old. Their relationship was tumultuous from the beginning, but despite it they had two children together. In 2003 the family moved from Mississippi to Marion County, Florida. Their fighting continued and over the next several years the couple fought, broke up, and then reunited several times. In June 2008, during one of their separations, Strong decided she and the children would move in with the couples friend, Benjamin McCollum. The plan was that she would be the live-in nanny for McCollums two children, but after about three weeks their relationship became intimate. Fulgham did not like that Strong lived with McCollum, even though he engaged to Emilia Carr, who had three children and was pregnant with his child. Over the next six months Fulgham stalked and  harassed both Strong and McCollum repeatedly and threatened them both with a gun. According to friends, Strong seemed very happy with McCollum and with her new life. They found it surprising when she decided to leave McCollum and return to Fulgham in December 2008. Carr was also surprised by the couples reunion. A few weeks into December, she was told by Fulgham that their relationship was over and that she had to move out. She told friends that she loved Fulgham and did not know how she would live without him, especially since she was pregnant with his child. By December 26, Fulgham and Strong got married; however their honeymoon was a short one. Six days into the marriage, Strong had Fulgham arrested after he threatened her with a shotgun during a heated argument. Fulgham   was charged with assault with a deadly weapon and remained in jail for several weeks. During that time Carr visited Fulgham and they rekindled their relationship. His mother and Carr, both who were on friendly terms with Strong, tried to get her to write a letter on Fulghams behalf, but she refused. During one such attempt, witnesses said Carr became so enraged by Strongs refusal to help get Fulgham released from jail, that she pulled her hair and held a knife to her neck. She only relinquished the knife after being held in a choke-hold by a mutual friend, James Acome. Hiring a Hit Man James Acome once dated Carr and she believed he was the father of her youngest child, although he never acknowledged it. He was also friends with Strong and Fulgham. In early January, while visiting Carr who was in the advanced stage of pregnancy with Fulghams child, she asked Acome and his friend, Jason  Lotshaw, if they would kill Strong for $500. They rejected her proposal. She told another friend to help her put the word out that she would pay someone $500 to kill Strong. She said that she planned to use her income tax refund to pay for the job. No one applied for the job. Acome and Strong In mid-January, Acome and Strong began dating and moved into an apartment together on January 26, 2009.  A week later Fulgham was released from jail and he moved in with his mother. Strong Disappears On February 15, Fulgham asked his mother to help him compose a letter for Strong to sign, giving him custody of their two children. This was motivated by Carr, who informed Fulgham while he was still in jail that Strong was planning on leaving the state with the children.   On that same day Strong left work after receiving an emergency phone call about her children. Around mid-day on the same day, Fulghams mother saw her son and Strong driving away from her home. Later that evening Acome returned home from work and found that Strong and her children had moved out. He then received a call from Fulgham who told him that he and Strong were back together. Reported as Missing On February 24, 2009, Misty Strong contacted the Marion County Sheriffs office and reported that her cousin Heather Strong had disappeared. The investigation led to Carr and Fulgham who were brought in for questioning. Over the course of several days and multiple interviews, both Carr and Fulgham blamed each other for the murder of Heather Strong. The Murder According to investigators, Fulgham and Carr plotted together to kill Strong because of his earlier arrest and because she had refused Fulghams request for custody of their children and was planning to move them to another state. On February 15, Fulgham lured Strong to a mobile home that was being used for storage and that was located on the property where Carrs family lived. Fulgham told Strong that Carr had hidden money inside the storage trailer. Once the two were inside, Carr, who was seven months pregnant, entered the trailer as planned. Seeing Carr frightened Strong and she attempted to leave the trailer, but Fulgham wrestled her back inside. Fulgham then tied Strong to a chair from which she managed to escape. Then Carr used duct tape to tape her body and hands to the chair while Fulgham held her down. Strong began crying and begging to be released. Instead, Fulgham forced her to sign the custody letter that his mother had helped him prepare. Carr said Fulgham broke the flashlight that she was carrying, when he used it to hit Strong over the head. He then placed a garbage bag over her head while Carr pulled off enough duct tape to wind around Strongs neck, which tightened the bag. Carr then made two failed attempts to break Strongs neck. When that did not work, Fulgham covered Strongs nose and mouth with his hand and suffocated her to death. Two days later, Fulgham returned to the trailer and buried Strongs body in a shallow grave nearby. Fulgham ended up disclosing the location of Strongs body to the detectives while he was being interviewed about her disappearance. He also told them that Carr was responsible for his estranged wifes death. Carr was being questioned at the same time and told detectives that Fulgham was the killer, but her story changed several times. Physical and forensic evidence found at the trailer, in the shallow grave and on Strongs body gave investigators enough to arrest both Carr and Fulgham and charge them with first-degree murder and kidnapping. Take Your Pick Unknown to Carr, Fulghams sister agreed to cooperate with the police. Carr trusted her and would often cry on her shoulder, not knowing her conversations were being recorded. What she told Fulgmans sister about the murder was completely different than what she told the police. At first she said she had not seen Strong since January 2009. Next she said she had information about Fulgham who she said told her that he killed Strong. That changed to discovering Strongs body inside the trailer a day after Fulgham committed the murder. She then admitted to seeing Fulgham kill Strong, which led to her final confession that she helped Fulgham carry out the plan to murder Strong. In her final admission before her trial, she provided investigators with information that proved her involvement; including an accurate description of a blanket and suitcase that she and Fulgham used when burying Strong, as well as a description of the clothing Strong was wearing when she was murdered. She also led police to Strongs shoes that had not been found on the body or in the grave. The Trial At her arraignment in April 2009 Carr waived her right to a speedy trial. Immediately afterwards, lead prosecutor Rock Hooker filed notice of his intent to pursue the death penalty. The trial began on December 1, 2010. State Attorney Brad King, the lead prosecutor, had built the case on circumstantial evidence. There was no real physical evidence found that proved Carr had anything to do with Strongs murder. However, several witnesses lined up to give testimony that they were asked by Carr to kill, or help her find someone to kill, her boyfriends estranged wife, Heather Strong. There was also testimony given about the time Carr held a knife to Strongs throat when she refused to drop charges against Fulgham after he threatened her with a shotgun. However, the most damaging evidence the prosecution presented were videos of Carr telling the police different versions of what happened the night of the murder.   He also presented the tape recordings of Carr talking to Fulgmans sister Michele Gustafson, who was working with the police. Carr supplied a detailed account of what inside the trailer, which contradicted her previous statements to police that she never entered the trailer on the night Strong was murdered. On the tape jurors clearly heard Carr talking about her attempts to break Strongs neck and how she thought it would be quick and painless. She also admitted to Gustafson that Strong fought off Fulgham, but that she helped him restrain her and that they duct taped her to a chair. She also said that she intended to tell authorities that Jamie Acome and Jason Lotshaw were responsible for the murder; although she left out that she had already implicated Fulgham. Carr described how Fulgham hit Strong hard on her head with the flashlight each time she said something that he did not like and finally how she placed the garbage bag over Strongs head and how Fulgham suffocated her to death. The jury deliberated for two and a half hours and found Carr guilty of kidnapping and first-degree murder. Penalty Phase During the penalty phase of the trial, defense attorney Candace Hawthorne spoke about the abuse Carr experienced as a child.  Members of Carrs family testified that she was traumatized as young child after being sexually abused by her father and grandfather. It had little impact on the jury who, in a slim 7-5 vote, recommended that Carr, age 26, receive the death penalty. Having remained silent since her arrest, Carr spoke out to the press after the jury voted for death. In yet another version of what happened, she said that she had never gone into the trailer and in fact did not even know that Fulgham and Strong were there. In reference to the secret tape recording that police had of her admitting her involvement to Fulgmans sister, she said that she was trying to get details about the murder to give to the State Attorney so that she could get immunity and get her children back. She needed details, so she made up stories. She said she felt pressure to make up things after the police threatened her with her children. In February 22, 2011, Circuit Judge Willard Pope formally sentenced Carr to life imprisonment on the kidnapping charges and death for the murder charges.  On February 23, 2011, Carr was moved to death row at Lowell Correctional Institution in Marion County, Florida. Fulgham Gets Off Easy Joshua Fulgham went on trial a year later. He was also found guilty of first-degree murder and kidnapping. His defense lawyer asked the jury to consider a life sentence because he suffered from mental and sexual abuse. The jury returned an 8-4 vote for a life sentence. Circuit Judge Brian Lambert upheld the jurys decision and Fulgham was given a life sentence with the possibility of parole.

After reading chapter 6 and 7 of the textbook, Philosophy the Power of Assignment

After reading chapter 6 and 7 of the textbook, Philosophy the Power of Ideas, answer the following questions - Assignment Example ne Descartes, however, realized that although he could doubt everything else, he could not doubt his very own existence because existence is a sine qua non for doubting. His doubting self/existence therefore became the starting point of his theory of knowledge. Having proved his existence, Rene Descartes went on to prove the existence of God. Descartes argued that since doubting is less perfect than to know/knowledge, he was an imperfect being; Descartes realized that there must be a perfect being that does not doubt, a being that knows everything. Descartes concluded that the perfect being is God. Descartes, therefore, argued that God is the truth and all other things share in the truth of God. God therefore became the metaphysical basis of Descartes’ Epistemology. Descartes concluded that everything that we can conceive clearly and distinctly is true because it is a participation God, the truth itself. An evaluation of Descartes theory of knowledge shows that the theory was a phenomenal milestone in Philosophy, the theory challenged Philosophers to base their arguments only on logical truths, rather than, on believes and doctrines that have no logical basis. Question 2. Thomas Hobbes was a thorough going materialist. Hobbes argued that all reality is material, including thoughts, feelings and ideas. Hobbes argued that all reality in the universe can be explained in material form, i.e. in terms of the motions and the interactions of material bodies. For this reason, Hobbes denied existence of any immaterial reality. For this reason, Hobbes saw human beings as machines, operating solely according to the physical laws; For Hobbes therefore all human actions can be explained in terms of cause and effect. An evaluation of this theory reveals one glaring shortcoming: Hobbes did not give a sufficient and convincing account of how human thoughts and ideas are material in nature; Hobbes did not give a convincing argument on how the motions and interactions of

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Essay Example Industry A Industry A has 20 firms and a (CR) of 20%. The Concentration Ratio is centered around how much of the market is controlled by the firms involved, in this case with 20 firms and a (CR) of 20% the controlled value is low. (Concentration Ratio, 2011 p 1) This implies that the industry is either highly competitive industry. This means that every involved organization in this particular industry is able to enter and exit the market with low barriers. This industry type could be termed a â€Å"perfect competition† however, because it has a (CR) of 20% it is also close to an oligopoly. To be a â€Å"perfect competition† the characteristics would need to include, all firms selling the same products, all firms involved being price takers, all firms having a relatively small market share, buyer knowing what is being sold and for how much and the ability to enter and exit the market. (Perfect Competition, 2011 p 1) In this environment the ability to enter the market wit h low to no barriers will allow for more competition to be available. The long term adjustments would need to be expecting lower prices and normal profits. The (CR) will remain low in this industry model due to greater competition. Industry B Industry B has 20 firms and a (CR) of 85% which places it in the oligopoly to monopoly range in business types. An oligopoly is characterized by a few dominant firms and many small ones, standardized and differentiated product depending on the industry, power of dominant firms over pricing, barriers to becoming a dominant firm and the use of non-price competition due to fear of price wars. (Petroff, 2002 para. 2) A monopoly however, is a situation where a single company or group owns the entire market, or close to it. Because this tends to mean it is a business that has a single firm it would not necessarily apply in this case. (Monopoly, 2011 p 1) To figure out the proper concentration ratio it is necessary to use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Inde x, â€Å"a commonly accepted measure of market concentration. It is calculated by squaring the market share of each firm competing in the market and then summing the resulting numbers.† (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, ND) Conclusion Industry A would be appropriate for a small business given the ability to enter and exit with relative ease. This however, should not discount the possibility of Industry B’s ability to control a market and pricing as well. The entry barriers may be insurmountable in this industry type though the rewards could be significantly greater. Given the available information Industry A seems to be the best approach for a small business venture. Reference page Concentration Ratio,. (2011). Concentration ratio, investopedia.com. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/concentrationratio.asp Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, . (ND). The herfindahl-hirschman index, justice.gov. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/testimony/hhi.htm Monopo ly,. (2011). Monopoly definition, investopedia.com. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monopoly.asp Perfect Competition,. (2011). Perfect competition, investopedia.com. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perfectcompetition.asp Petroff, J. (2002). Oligopoly characteristics. Professional Educational Organization International Retrieved from http://www.peoi.org/Courses/mic/mic7.html Memo follows- TO: Managing director FROM: (insert your name) DATE:

Damaging property Essay Example for Free

Damaging property Essay Much of Marlowes life would have brought much controversy. Christopher was reputation as a spy, a continuous blasphemer, a tough street-fighter and an openly gay homosexual did not let a lot of people love him.  Although the fight that resulted in his death is the only situation where there is evidence of Marlowe assaulting a person, he had a history of trouble with the law. Marlowe was arrested in London dating September 1589 following a brawl in which Thomas Watson killed a man named William Bradley. The jury found that Marlowe was not involved with Williams death and Watson was found to have acted in self-defense. In September 1592 in Canterbury, he was charged with damaging property. The other accusations of Marlowe being a homosexual or an atheist has no inconclusive evidence to prove these statements. My personal opinion, I think that Marlowe was accused of being gay and an atheist and accused being the key word. There are too many instances where people were accused of something during this time and killed over it. For example, the witch hunts that killed thousands of women after the Dark Ages. All because people were lead to believe that women could fly on brooms. So it is not far stretched to think that Marlowe may have been persecuted against for some trouble that he might have been linked too. These questions might never be answered. Marlowe was above all an admired artist for his time in the literary world. Within weeks of his death, George Peele referred to him as Marley, the Muses darling. Marlowes last name is actually another question. He was referred by different versions of his last name: Marl, Marlowe, Marley, and Merle. But the meaning of Muse is actually Greek mythology. The Muses were Any of the nine daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, each of whom presided over a different art or science. People did not understand why someone could be so gifted at one thing and not the other so it must have been the gods that blessed man with these gifts. Not to say that George Peele worshiped the Greek gods but he is only admiring Christopher Marlowes talents. As far as Christopher Marlowes career is considered, his work was glorified after his death. Obviously no one knew of the impact that his writing would have on English literature and the influence it would have on Shakespeares play writes. Shakespeare mastered blank verse after Marlowe introduced it into theatre. But even so, critics of his time recognized his talents. Robert Greene (1560?-1592) says who hat said with thee, There is no God, should now give glorie unto his greatnesse. It is in that line that gives proof that people immediately recognized his talents. Modern Criticism defiantly did what Robert Greene and glorifies his talents as well as his life. Todays critics also make some outrageous assumptions about Christopher. But for such little knowledge on someone and so many speculations in his life, people cannot help but to be intrigued with the mans career.  Christopher MarloweA man who has no certain last name. A man who was incognito during a certain point of his life. A man believed in being a spy. A man who was a street fighter. A man who was believed to be a homosexual. A man who was believed in being an atheist. A man who was trouble with the law. A man who introduced blank verse to theatre. A man who faked his death. Christopher Marlowe is a man of unanswered questions, but what is for certain is his impact with the English language. Bibliography Jonathan Bate. Danger down in Deptford The murder of Christopher Marlowe continues to fuel conspiracy theories, says Jonathan Bate. The Sunday Telegraph 23 Oct. 2005, ProQuest Newsstand, ProQuest. Web. 27 Jun. 2010. Jeffrey Meyers. Marlowes Lives. Michigan Quarterly Review 42.3 (2003): 468. Platinum Periodicals, ProQuest. Web. 27 Jun. 2010. Ed. Judith Oneill. Critics on Marlowe. Florida: University of Miami, 1970. Ed. Emily C. Bartels. Critical Essays on Christopher Marlowe. Florida: University of Miami, 1997

Addisons Disease Essay -- Disorder Endocrine System

Addison’s disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Addison’s disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a hormonal disorder that can strike anyone, any gender at any age. Addison’s disease has also been called Adrenal Insufficiency (hypocortisolism) because the root of the disease is in the adrenal gland not producing enough of the hormone cortisol, or sometimes not enough of the hormone aldosterone to satisfy the body’s needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every organ in the body. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help regulate the body’s response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for other necessary functions including: helping to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, helping to slow the immune system’s inflammatory response, helping to balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and helping to maintain proper arousal of sense of well being. The amount of cortisol is precisely balanced and regulated by the brain’s hypothalamus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aldosterone is in a class of hormones called mineralocorticoids which is also produced by the adrenal glands. The main functions of aldosterone are to help to maintain blood pressure and helping the kidneys retain needed sodium and excrete unwanted potassium to maintain the balance of water and salt in the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When adrenal insufficiency occurs, there are many s... Addison's Disease Essay -- Disorder Endocrine System Addison’s disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Addison’s disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a hormonal disorder that can strike anyone, any gender at any age. Addison’s disease has also been called Adrenal Insufficiency (hypocortisolism) because the root of the disease is in the adrenal gland not producing enough of the hormone cortisol, or sometimes not enough of the hormone aldosterone to satisfy the body’s needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every organ in the body. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help regulate the body’s response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for other necessary functions including: helping to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, helping to slow the immune system’s inflammatory response, helping to balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and helping to maintain proper arousal of sense of well being. The amount of cortisol is precisely balanced and regulated by the brain’s hypothalamus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aldosterone is in a class of hormones called mineralocorticoids which is also produced by the adrenal glands. The main functions of aldosterone are to help to maintain blood pressure and helping the kidneys retain needed sodium and excrete unwanted potassium to maintain the balance of water and salt in the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When adrenal insufficiency occurs, there are many s...