The Spanish Inquisition

The Spanish Inquisition was a questionable time basically during the fifteenth century. In any case, it continued reoccurring during different pieces of history instead of just in the fifteenth century. There were a wide range of strategies utilized in which non-Christians would be tormented. Here and there, an inappropriate people would be tormented on the off chance that they accepted that the individual they were tormenting truly wasn’t Christian. The tormenting of individuals due to their religion is the thing that makes the Spanish Inquisition such an upsetting and dull piece of history. The purpose behind the Spanish Inquisition was on the grounds that the Christians vanquished Spain once more, which prompted the Christians driving non-Christian individuals, for example, Jews, to change over to Christianity. Any non-Christian who wouldn't change over to Christianity would be arraigned and tormented utilizing various techniques, for example, starvation, strappado, racking and numerous different types of torment. In 1478, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile set up the Spanish Inquisition. The explanation the probe was built up was on the grounds that Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile needed to join Spain. The Spanish Inquisition could help monetarily in light of the fact that cash could be made by taking property from blamed blasphemers. Another explanation behind the Spanish Inquisition is on the grounds that Ferdinand and Isabelle accepted that Spain could be joined under Christianity. Additionally, Ferdinand and Isabelle oppressed Jews basically on the grounds that they were enemies of Semites. The principal Inquisitors showed up in Seville in 1480 to nullify apostasy. Sin is a conviction or conclusion that is in opposition to a standard strict teaching (particularly Christianity). Numerous Spanish Jews had to change over to Christianity and some of them changed over by decision. There were various sentences for those saw as blameworthy of apostasy. In the event that you were seen as blameworthy of blasphemy, at that point your property would be seized and you would be singed to death. There would be open mortification for those saw as liable at the auto da fe, which is where the apostate would be scorched to death. The hour of the best impact during the Spanish Inquisition was under the rules of Philip II and Philip III. This timespan happened in 1569-1621. The Inquisition had endured past to this timeframe in light of an absence of heading under Charles V, who governed from 1517-1556. In any case, during the rule of Philip II, there in the end became 16 councils in Spain, two courts in Italy and three in the New World. The Inquisition significantly extended its arraignment of a wide range of strict wrongdoings. Common Spaniards were brought into the councils just as Protestants, conversos, Moriscos and outsiders. There was definite addressing even to individuals who doubtlessly didn’t submit sin. These individuals would be fined a couple of ducats, which was viewed as an exceptionally overwhelming fine. The councils depended on unpaid authorities. In the first place, there were the two systems of familiars and camisarios. The familiars were laymen accused of conveying messages, capturing suspects and conveying them to the Inquisition. The comisarios were clerics who aided the get-together of proof at the nearby level. Calificadores would exhort the inquisitors about the allegations to whether somebody was a blasphemer or not. There was a merciless manner by which the Inquisition worked. Potential blasphemers weren’t rewarded like in today’s norms generally on the grounds that the expression â€Å"innocent until demonstrated guilty† wasn’t followed. Initially, there was the allegation. At the point when the Inquisition showed up in a city, the initial step was known as the Edict of Grace. It was called this on the grounds that a time of effortlessness was offered to the individuals blamed for a wrongdoing to carry the denounced individual to the congregation without serious discipline. Next, there was the confinement. The case would be inspected by the calificadores would decide whether there was sin included. Numerous cases endured as long as two years before the calificadores analyzed the case. The property of the detainee would be taken during confinement. This property would be utilized to pay for costs and the own expenses and upkeep of the individual being charged. The whole procedure was finished with much mystery. The preliminary procedure is after the detainment procedure. The preliminary comprised of a progression of hearings. The denouncers and litigants both gave their declarations. Torment was utilized until the respondent would admit. The torment utilized was unsystematic. It was applied chiefly to those associated with Judaism and Protestantism. Torment would even be applied paying little heed to a person’s age. Essentially even kids and old individuals would be tormented. Torment assumed a significant job in the Spanish Inquisition. There were a wide range of strategies for torment. One strategy for torment was strappado. Strappado was the point at which the casualties would be suspended from the roof by their wrists. The casualty would tumble from a tallness and be halted by an unexpected yank directly before they arrive at the ground. Another strategy for torment was starvation in which the individual blamed for sin would be famished. Racking was additionally utilized. A rack was an instrument of torment comprising of a casing on which the casualty was extended by going rollers to which the wrists and lower legs were tied. Toca was a technique for causing the casualty to accept they were suffocating by placing a material in their mouth and pouring a container of water in their mouth.

The Development of Maiolica across Islam and Christian Cultures Research Paper

The Development of Maiolica across Islam and Christian Cultures - Research Paper Example Humanities, and all the more critically antiquarianism which is a sub-field of humanities contemplates the material culture of human development. Earthenware is one of the more significant material belongings for examining old societies on the grounds that in regions where ceramics is discovered ways exist to date the territory, study the implications of images by what is on the stoneware, and to find something about the manner by which earthenware speaks to the living society of that society. Maiolica earthenware exists across Islam and Christian societies. Maiolica is tin-coated stoneware artistic that is made hazy in light of the fact that there is an expansion of tin oxide ahead of the pack coat establishment or in its experience coat. Lead is not, at this point utilized creation pottery since it is a risky item. Maiolica has a thick, white shiny covering which doesn't get fluid when terminated. This implies the adornments don't get runny or obscured on the whitish foundation. At the point when the clay piece is terminated at a low temperature the beautifications become set and the piece has a one of a kind white shine that originates from the tin oxide ahead of the pack coat (Mussachio 9). Maiolica was shipped to Pisa through Majorca, which is likely how the earthenware got its name. It was acquired by the Spanish Moors who got the strategy to the Italians about the fourteenth century. The primary proof of this innovation originates from around the ninth century Baghdad. Islamic ceramics of this sort started to spread by the eleventh century and was utilized in structures that were both strict and community (Figure 1). The Crusaders likely presented the ceramics in Europe as an image of their triumph over the ‘pagans’.... Inevitably this adjustment in pattern ruled the earthenware showcase in Europe for in excess of 300 years. Figure 1. Friday Mosque of Herat, Afghanistan (Wikipedia). The principal complex proposed for the creation of maiolica was found in Syria from the eighth century BCE. Different focuses of clay stoneware creation from Islamic countries incorporate Fustat from 975 until 1075, Damascus from 1100 until 1600 and Tabriz from 1470 until 1550. The expansion of the metallic shine happened in around 850 BCE in Mesopotamia and got spread over the Islamic countries in the tenth century up to the Iberian Peninsula. This procedure originates from placing copper or silver into the oxide which is then blended in with ocher and applied to the enameled or coated surface (Fuga 246). The improvement of maiolica originates from Islamic endeavors to recreate Chinese porcelain, however they didn't have the innovation to make their ceramics utilizing the high temperatures expected to make porcelain (Co oper 84) (Figure 2). Figure 2 East Persian Maiolica, tenth Century (Wikipedia). The impact of tin-coat over stoneware was an adjustment of the Egyptian utilization of the reasonable coating, however had been designed a thousand years sooner by the Babylonians who had just utilized it on their blocks as there is no proof of it being utilized on artistic pots (Cooper 86). One reason that maiolica was utilized in Islam family units was that the utilization of valuable metals and delicacy on the table was taboo from the content of the Qur’an. This utilization of resplendent looking pieces produced using conventional materials conquered this order from the Islamic sacred book (Italian Pottery Journal). Figure 3 Hispano-Moresque Maiolica thirteenth Century

Essay about Mens Health

Essay about Men's Health Mens Health Dec 20, 2018 in Healthcare Widespread Issues in Men's Health Each community relies heavily on the contribution of men to achieve its development agenda. There are, however, various issues that may hinder their full participation in the development endeavors. In the city of Miami, there are various issues facing men (Kirby, 2009). The document Healthy People 2020 outlines several men related issues. The first topic is HIV. Centers for Disease Control and Infection (CDC) indicated that Miami had the highest rate of HIV infection among men. The disease is widespread among bisexual and gay men. The strategies used by the government to contain the spread HIV among these people have not been felt and, therefore, there is a need to seek for alternative mechanisms of dealing with this worrying trend (Kirby, 2009).

Realism in Oedipus the King Essay - 1234 Words

Realism in Oedipus Rex This essay will examine a feature of Sophocles’ tragedy which causes the reader to doubt the realism underlying the literary work. Specifically, the essay will consider the feasability of the belief at that time – that the Delphi oracle possessed credibility with the people. At the outset of the drama the priest of Zeus and the crowd of citizens of Thebes are gathered before the royal palace of Thebes talking to King Oedipus about the plague which is ravaging the city. The king is sorely troubled and laments the sad situation. Then he says: I have sent Menoeceus son, Creon, my consorts brother, to inquire Of Pythian Phoebus at his Delphic shrine, How I might†¦show more content†¦Whats amiss? CREON Banishment, or the shedding blood for blood. This stain of blood makes shipwreck of our state. And for the duration of the tragedy the characters explicitly or implicitly acknowledge their total belief in the directions of the Delphic oracle as the only means of ridding Thebes of the plague. Historically speaking, did the Delphic oracle have such credibility among the populace? For an answer to this question we go to The Histories of Herodotus. Herodotus was called the â€Å"Father of History† by Cicero and others. He lived and wrote in the fifth century BC just like Sophocles. As a contemporary, Herodotus knew and wrote about the beliefs and customs of the ancient Greeks as an historian, not as a litterateur. Herodotus was therefore interested in a factual presentation, not in an imaginative presentation such as Sophocles sought for as a dramatist. Herodotus, therefore, can be relied upon to either substantiate or contradict the validity of the situation in Oedipus Rex where the realism of the drama rests considerably on the claimed belief in the infallibility of the Delphic oracle. Let us examine a portion of The Histories that describes Athens, since Sophocles lived in Athens and wrote for an Athenian audience and even had Oedipus die at Colonnus, a suburb of Athens. In Book V Herodotus describes the engagement between the Athenians and the Boeotians, who were defeated; then another victory for AthensShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Chance in Oedipus vs. Chronicle of a Death Foretold1172 Words   |  5 PagesJillian Smith anderson IB English Period 2 4 November 2012 The Use of Chance in Chronicle of a Death Foretold versus Oedipus the King Chance can serve many different purposes in works of literature. 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Like all Greek tragedies Oedipus is set around only one setting, here it’s outside the Kingdom where the citizens of ThebesRead MoreHuman Conscience And Destiny In Oedipus The King By Sophocles1447 Words   |  6 Pages Among the Greek tragedies, there can probably be found something deeper and more elaborate, than â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles, but there is not a single one, in which the philosophical depth and tragic strength would be combined with such incomparable sophistication, noble grace and structural perfection. The image of a monstrous Sphinx with the face of a woman, wings, sharp claws, the body of a lion and mysteriously dangerous speech penetrates the whole tragedy as an incorporation of destinyRead MoreDr Faustus as a Tragic Hero4240 Words   |  17 PagesBefore moving on further, we should discuss about the definition of a tragic hero. A tragic hero is obviously a hero of a tragedy drama. However, this is not enough. Perhaps the first tragic hero in history of drama is Oedipus in ‘Oedipus Rex’ of Sophocles. There we could find that Oedipus in the end suffers tragic consequence but he was higher than ordinary people. This matter is very important. A hero of the tragedy should not be an ordinary man but should be some higher and extra ordinary. He is exceptionalRead MoreStories Of Anowa, Oedipus The King, And Cinderella925 Words   |  4 PagesThere are various extraordinary stories that people have read in their lifetimes that they will never forget. After reading several poems and stories this semester, there were three outstanding stories that caught my attention. Anowa, Oedipus the King, and Cinderella stood out to me from all the stories that have been discussed and read in class. While reading Anowa, I was drastically becoming interested into the main character, Anowa. What made me interested in her was the fact that many peopleRead MoreFigurative Language In Oedipus And Shakespeare1183 Words   |  5 Pageslanguage, diction, and metaphor contribute to various aspects of their work, adding both elements of drama and realism. By incorporating significant words and lines into their writings, Shakespeare and Sophocles create consistent and fluid plays and stories throughout their lives that offer timeless entertainment. 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The Number One Question You Must Ask for Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals Writing a paper on pets is much less simple as it sounds, especially once you want to include useful data in your writing. The point is you will be better able to evaluate what is really important when you've included everything on your very first draft. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. Any academic paper tips So, in the event that you still wish to try to address your paper on your own, here you have few interesting and really helpful suggestions. Writing an essay on information technology calls for a significant measure of information and a sensible comprehension of the subject. You shouldn't write your paper as though it's a personal communiqu to me. Before you commence writing your research paper, make sure that you've got a very clear idea about what you are going to be discussing. If you wish to earn a superb philosophical pa per, then here is a wonderful structure you can utilize. How to Get Started with Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals? For you have to be helpful in grammar whatever the case. Later, when you get the simple essay format down pat, your topic sentence won't necessarily will need to be the very first sentence. Your paragraphs ought to be in transition that is they shouldn't be just piled in addition to each rather 1 paragraph needs to be built upon each other. A brief introductory paragraph contains a strong opening sentence which should be supporting the GCSE essay question. The Basics of Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals All you will need is to explore your topic deep enough to get a sufficient quantity of evidence and proofs. Your answer is going to be evaluated in relation to the question that was asked. Second, be sure that it is complete. If it is No', now is the time for all of us to know it. How to Find Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals Figure out the criti cal information every student ought to know prior to writing a thesis essay! While writing an essay for the academic purpose you must revive your imagination in addition to do the necessary fieldwork. Many amateur writers find it tough to compose an essay that's appreciated by the teacher. No, in your plan you'd be writing the leading significant points that would be utilized in the essay. When it has to do with essay writing, it's a terrific medium to provide your personalized view about a topic. An introduction is easily the most important portion of the greatest essay writing service. It is the backbone of an essay because it contains all the information which a reader wants to read. An effective introduction is essential to a thriving essay. Finding Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals Online There are lots of resources you could explore to secure more info about philosophy essay topics ethics. There's no very clear idea about the kinds of business ethics that needs to be on the top priority for businessmen. Thus, teachers bear the duty of crafting an education plan which is pertinent to their environment. Information technology due to its specific branches and wide extension has been an intriguing area of study for the great majority of the students. Animal testing isn't only a research to discover cures for human diseases, it is likewise an experimenta tion to set up safety of various products like daily necessities, cosmetic merchandise and medicines. As an example, while lots of people think that it isn't right to hurt animals, they concede that hurting animals ought to be permitted under certain conditions. Animals are a main portion of the surroundings. They are a part of our environment and are living creatures. Rather, you just be aware that the world exists, in other words, you experience an awareness of the world around you. You can find with a topic which examines the function of ethics in our society because it is today. How students ethics play a substantial part in molding the country towards well-behaved individuals. Supporting nationalism is for the betterment of nations around the Earth, and subsequently, the entire world prospers. A Startling Fact about Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals Uncovered To put it differently you should talk about the arguments FOR animal rights and AGAINST. You're then requ ested to prove your thesis with good evidence to back this up. You should receive the structure right, but likewise the arguments are essential. You are able to speak to other students if you discover that it's tough to pick a very good subject issue. Finding the Best Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals You can begin your introduction by writing an intriguing preface which states the background about the subject. As any other essay, philosophy work has its features and peculiarities that should be taken into consideration when you need to acquire the top-notch excellent work. When instructed to compose compositions on the book, there are many topics which students may explore. It is possible to also add real-life examples to create your introduction seem striking. Finding the Best Philosophy Essay Topics about Animals To receive a better grip at writing, essay writing is a powerful exercise which then provides the ability to write on nearly every subject of your interest. Your even compact experience of writing will be also very beneficial. As a writer, it's your job to make sure your reader doesn't lose the direction or the point that you're trying to make. Moreover, you are able to also conduct an interview to have the idea on how it's taken. More essay help Each teacher is a bit different within her requirements. As a teacher having students that are masters in essay writing is a central goal. Consequently, they enjoy their assignments and do not take them as a form of punishment but an opportunity to showcase their skills. Each hint students receive from the tool includes a lot of explanations which make the practice of essay writing essay for the two students and teachers.

The Negative Consequences of Deforestation Free Essays

Earth without forests is a picture that most of human-kind presently could not conceive. Forests cover much of the planet†s land area. They are extremely important to humans and the natural world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Consequences of Deforestation or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, deforestation has been consuming our forests. Deforestation brings about a lot of unexpected effects on the earth and results in many negative consequences. â€Å"If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world†s rain forests will vanish within 100 years-causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet,† according to NASA†s Earth Observatory. Deforestation increases the greenhouse effect and accelerates global warming. It also causes erosion, and the silting of lakes or rivers is caused by soil erosion. The same source claims that deforestation is very hard to be stopped because â€Å"the causes of deforestation are very complex. † There are several reasons why this current trend exists. Deforestation occurs in many ways. People destroy or degrade forests because, for them, the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. Underlying causes include such issues as poverty, unequal land ownership, women†s status, education and the explosive growth of the population. Immediate causes are often concerned with a search for land and resources, including both commercial timber and fuelwood. One of the main indirect causes of deforestation is poverty, particularly poverty in rural areas. Although poverty is not a â€Å"principal cause† of deforestation, it is a living condition that the majority of people in this world must endure. While greed and power can be the motivations of some groups in society that deforest, survival and the desire to escape from poverty is what drives most people. Poverty is not only the socioeconomic environment that limits people†s economic options, damages health but also reduces income generating opportunities. It is an underlying condition that facilitates deforestation. There is some evidence from the industrialized countries of the North that suggests as societies become more economically secure they reach a point where the economic development pressures that drive deforestation are replaced by a growing environmental concern and a greater appreciation of environmental values. However, for most developing countries that point is off in the far distant future. Most tropical countries are very poor by U. S standards, and farming is a basic way of life for a large part of the population. According to NASA†s article, in Brazil, for example, â€Å"the average annual earnings per person is U. S. $5400, compared to $26,980 per person is the United States (World Bank, 1998)†, and in Bolivia, â€Å"which holds part of the Amazon rain forest, the average earnings per person is $800. † The rural poor have very few options. There are few prospects of off-farm employment in either the urban centers or the rural areas. Illiteracy further limits the options of many because they do not have the basic tools needed to pursue other economic alternatives to subsistence farming. With few alternatives available to them, the rural poor consider forests as a short-term solution to their economic problems. Deforestation happens as a result of poverty. More important than that, commercial logging is considered as the major direct cause of deforestation. NASA†s Earth Observatory asserts that â€Å"logging can occur selectively-where only the economically valuable species are cut or by clearcutting, where all the trees are cut. † The forces of large global markets for wood and wood products drive the scale of logging activities. Logging in the tropics does not in any way resemble scientific forestry and is often characterized by a â€Å"cut-and-get-out† mentality in logging companies. Forestry uses science and management skills to manipulate the natural vegetation to favor the long term production of a selected number of goods and services. In contrast, most tropical logging involves the short term exploitation of only industrial wood products with no eye to the future of the forests. The intensity of logging in Asia†s forests is much higher than in the forests found in America or Europe. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates: â€Å"About half the land area of South America and Europe is covered by forest, but only one-sixth of Asia’s land is forested. † And â€Å"a study in Indonesia found that when only 3% of the trees were cut, a logging operation damaged 49% of the trees in the forest,† as the article from NASA has noted. In addition, at the national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects, to pay international debt, or to develop industry. The logging companies seek to harvest the forest and make profit from the sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods such as mahogany. They use heavy machinery, such as bulldozers, road graders, and log skidders, to remove cut trees and build roads, â€Å"which is just as damaging to a forest overall as the chainsaws are to the individual trees,† according to the same source from NASA. Logging is done because of profits. Not only individual lumberjacks but also logging companies seek material advantage. Therefore, any country that does not have a suitable forest management will gain a higher level of deforestation by commercial logging. As we have seen, the causes of deforestation are very complex. Knowing the main indirect and direct causes help us improve our understanding of the causes and also the effects of climatic and environmental change, so that we may become more effective and efficient managers of our natural resources, as well as mitigate potential impacts from natural disasters. How to cite The Negative Consequences of Deforestation, Essay examples

Smoking Youth - Not Just an American Habit free essay sample

A look at the phenomenon of teenagers who smoke and international programs seeking to put an end to this trend. This paper presents a detailed examination on the problem of adolescent smoking on a global basis. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey that outlines the causes of youth smoking and discusses programs that are in place to prevent its occurrence. In addition the writer provides a discussion on the effectiveness of such programs. In the last several decades the world has discovered the truth about the perils of smoking tobacco. There is little doubt that the habit contributes to lung cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma and many other disorders. There have been numerous studies conducted on the perils of smoking and the reasons people continue to do it and the conclusion often points to the addiction being acquired in adolescents. Adults know on an intellectual level that they should not smoke, but often times by the time they reach adulthood they have already been smoking for several years. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Youth Not Just an American Habit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Adolescents know they should not smoke, but they have the disadvantage of believing they are invincible. Smoking in adolescents is not exclusive to America. It is a worldwide problem in which many nations are scrambling to find a solution.

What a Java Package Is In Programming

What a Java Package Is In Programming Programmers are an organized bunch when it comes to writing code. They like to arrange their programs so that they flow in a logical way, calling separate blocks of code that each has a particular job. Organizing the classes they write is done by creating packages. What Packages Are A package allows a developer to group classes (and interfaces) together. These classes will all be related in some way – they might all be to do with a specific application or perform a specific set of tasks. For example, the Java API is full of packages. One of them is the javax.xml package. It and its sub packages contain all the classes in the Java API to do with handling XML. Defining a Package To group classes into a package, each class must have a package statement defined at the top of its .java file. It lets the compiler know which package the class belongs to and must be the first line of code. For example, imagine youre making a simple Battleships game. It makes sense to put all the classes needed in a package called battleships: package battleships class GameBoard{ } Every class with the above package statement at the top will now be part of the Battleships package. Typically packages are stored in a corresponding directory on the filesystem but it is possible to store them in a database. The directory on the filesystem must have the same name as the package. Its where all the classes belonging to that package are stored. For example, if the battleships package contains the classes GameBoard, Ship, ClientGUI then there will be files called GameBoard.java, Ship.java and ClientGUI.java stored in a directory call battleships. Creating a Hierarchy Organizing classes doesnt have to be at just one level. Every package can have as many sub packages as needed. To distinguish the package and subpackage a . is placed in-between the package names. For example, the name of the javax.xml package shows that XML is a sub package of the javax package. It doesnt stop there, under XML there are 11 sub packages: bind, crypto, datatype, namespace, parsers, soap, stream, transform, validation, ws, and XPath. The directories on the file system must match the package hierarchy. For example, the classes in the javax.xml.crypto package will live in a directory structure of ..\javax\xml\crypto. It should be noted that the hierarchy created is not recognized by the compiler. The names of the packages and sub-packages show the relationship that the classes they contain have with each other. But, as far as the compiler is concerned each package is a distinct set of classes. It does not view a class in a subpackage as being part of its parent package. This distinction becomes more apparent when it comes to using packages. Naming Packages There is a standard naming convention for packages. Names should be in lowercase. With small projects that only have a few packages the names are typically simple (but meaningful!) names: package pokeranalyzer package mycalculator In software companies and large projects, where the packages might be imported into other classes, the names need to be distinctive. If two different packages contain a class with the same name its important that there can be no naming conflict. This is done by ensuring the package names are different by starting the package name with the company domain, before being split into layers or features: package com.mycompany.utilities package org.bobscompany.application.userinterface

The Receivers Important Role in Clear Communication

The Receiver's Important Role in Clear Communication In the communication process, the receiver is the listener, reader, or observer- that is, the  individual (or the group of individuals)  to whom a message is directed. The receiver is also called the audience  or decoder. The person who initiates a message in the communication process is called the sender. Put simply, an effective message is one thats received in the way that the sender intended. Problems can arise on both ends that prevent the intended message from getting through to the receiver. The Message and Potential Problems For example, Paige asks Bill a question verbally. The message travels through the air, the channel, to  Bills ears. He responds. Paige is the sender, the question is the message, and Bill is the receiver and gives Paige feedback by answering the question. Myriad areas and ways exist where problems could arise even in this short exchange. If Paige whispers, Bill might not hear it. Maybe he hears only a portion of it and responds to a question that wasnt actually asked, and so Paige is confused. Maybe theres background noise, or the question isnt clear. If Bill is distracted by something and not paying attention, he might miss some of the words and respond inappropriately- or he might miss the question entirely so that the exchange needs to begin again. If hes not looking at Paige when she asks the question, he would miss any body language that would provide subtext to the question. If Paige sends an email or text  message to Bill, problems might arise because Bill doesnt have Paiges body language or tone of voice to interpret, which could add  information to the message. Autocorrect might have inserted errors into the text, or a missing question mark might make a question seem like a statement. These are all hindrances to effective communication. The degree of effectiveness is determined by how much of the message is understood by the receiver. Decoding the Message In the book, Business Communication, authors Carol M. Lehman and Debbie D. DuFrene lay it out this way: The receivers task is to interpret the senders message, both verbal and nonverbal, with as little distortion as possible. The process of interpreting the message is known as decoding. Because words and nonverbal signals have different meanings to different people, countless problems can occur at this point in the communication process: The sender inadequately encodes the original message with words not present in the receivers vocabulary; ambiguous, nonspecific ideas; or nonverbal signals that distract the receiver or contradict the verbal message. The receiver is intimidated by the position or authority of the sender, resulting in a tension that prevents effective concentration on the message and failure to ask for needed clarification.The receiver prejudges the topic as too boring or difficult to understand and does not attempt to understand the message.The receiver is close-minded and unreceptive to new and different ideas. With the infinite number of breakdowns possible at each stage of the communication process, it is indeed a miracle that effective communication ever occurs. Even the environment or the receivers  emotional state can affect the decoding of the message, for example, distractions in the room, discomfort on the part of the receiver, or stress or anxiety that allow the receiver to insert subtext that the sender didnt intend. Knowledge of social or cultural contexts can hinder the receiver from picking up cues or responding appropriately as well. Relational contexts can color a message, too, as messages from close friends could be received differently than a message from a work supervisor. Importance of Feedback When its not clear to the sender that understanding has occurred on the part of the receiver, communication continues, for example, through follow-up questions from either party, further discussion, or the sender giving examples, rephrasing the information, or other means of clarification to get the sender and receiver on the same so-called wavelength. In a presentation, the sender might show charts or images to make a point more clear to the audience or reader. The more cues and channels that the receiver has and is open to receiving is often better; for example, it can be easy to misconstrue tone or subtext in an email or text message, while that same message would come through clearly if the receiver hears the persons voice or is speaking with them face to face.   In the book, Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Targeted Communication Programs, authors Gary W. Selnow and William D. Crano note that body language and tone arent just communication on the senders side: Feedback in the interpersonal setting provides a running account of a receivers reception of a message. Obvious cues such as direct questions show how well a receiver is processing the information. But subtle indicators also may provide information. For instance, a receivers yawn, silence when comments are expected, or expressions of boredom suggest that selective exposure gates may be in operation. A receiver also may have tone and subtext in the feedback given to the sender, such as responding with sarcasm or anger, which might be missed if the feedback is text-only  but likely would not be missed if the parties can either see or hear each other or both.

Negligence Liablity Case Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negligence Liablity Case - Term Paper Example For an individual to be sufficiently culpable under the law it has to be shown that they intended a specific outcome that is in question. The law holds responsible an individual who fails to make proper decisions with regard to their individual conduct (Reitz, 2006). Contract law Business relationships are made and invariably involve contracts that range from leases to contracts of employment and contracts of professional services. Breach of contracts can often lead to action in courts of law, if the action succeeds an award of damages or an order of specific performance or an injunction can be given. In contract, drafting there is an implied term that services are to be undertaken with reasonable skill and care. There are various provisions. Contractual breaches can give rise to both actions of breach of contract and for negligence. Tort law In American law of tort, negligence has been seen as a distinct cause of action brought before the court system. The US system defines negligen ce as conduct falling below standard established and provided for by the law in a bid to protect others against such unreasonable risk of harm that can be borne from conduct. It is prudent for a cause of action to suffice five elements have to be present that is; duty of care was owed to the plaintiff by the defendant and that duty was breached and that there’s an actual causal connection between resulting harm and the defendant’s conduct and that there's a sufficient proximity between the cause and the foreseeable harm as in the case of Koprowski v. Manatee County, 519 So.2d 78 (Fla. App. 2 Dist. 1988) and as a consequence damage was caused. Sometimes legislatures or other laws as appropriate may provide for special duties of care, as in the instance of lawyers and doctors. Since they are also required to have a standard to which conforms to standard duty of care within their profession. When this professional fails to uphold that specified standard; will be inevitabl e in the form of malpractice charges, which are based on the law of negligence. Additionally, in McCarthy v. State, 562 N.Y.S.2d 190 (A.D. 1990) it was found by the court that US Consumer Product Safety Commission guidelines on the safety of playgrounds didn’t establish as a matter of law applicable standard of duty of care in a playground accident as evident in the court's inherent decision it was not mandatory that they are the exclusive standards to be applied for playground safety (White, 2003). Agency Law Causes of action under this law arise where the agency is held liable for tortuous acts of an agent. Generally, an agency is deemed negligent in providing the agent with the capability to engage in a particular conduct. Under the American law action may arise from; negligent supervision of the agencies agents, negligent training, and negligent retention of the agent. This type of negligence may seem to overlap with vicarious liability, they are however on distinct groun ds (Munday, 2008). Sometimes an agency might have their own guidelines in some cases not as in City of Miami v. Ameller, 472 So.2d 728 (Fla. 1985) where the court found the city’s own standards of duty could be considered in determining whether a city has violated its legal duty of care when maintaining its parks for safe public use. Corporate Law As evident from above businesses and individuals alike may be financially and legally liable for injuries occasioned by negligent

Resources for Readers Theater Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Resources for Readers Theater - Term Paper Example My group worked well together I must say. Everyone contributed to the success of the project. We shared out roles amongst ourselves. Some students carried the seats and arranged them in the auditorium for the stage reading. Other students offered to clean the stage for us to have a suitable environment (Aaron 54). We appointed a student to be the leader of the session for that time. His job was to maintain order and see to it that everything ran smoothly. The group worked remarkably well together. Everyone participated actively. People showed up in time for the stage reading. Each student would speak up when it was their turn; no one had to be reminded due to lack of attention. There was a reasonable amount of order which made it easier to work and finish in good time. Form this collaboration with my fellow student I learned a great deal. There is so much talent in my theatre class. Every student has a different kind of talent. There is also a lot of passion for the arts in the class and this is something I truly appreciated as I found people I can genuinely connect with due to similar interests. I would say the collaboration was a definite success on our part. We have never worked better or made so much progress together. A lot of things, I would say, went well during the collaboration. We all managed to master our lines in the script. We found a way to help each other with parts that gave us difficulties (Aaron 54). At the end of it all, we finished our staged reading project. Above all, we actually got time to interact with each other. I would say many friendships have been made. What I think could have gone better is the time we had to do our stage reading. The time given to us was very short for such a long script. We were asked to leave the auditorium after a considerably short amount of time. Despite this minor shortcoming, we still managed to complete the project (Aaron 70).

Responsibility for Health in New Zealand

Responsibility for Health in New Zealand The government has an important role in promoting health care, thus, the people are so lucky for being a citizen of New Zealand. Health is number one priority so the society has a continuing research to be able to provide the best health care to all the New Zealanders. Responsibility for health The responsibility for good health is a give and take process. It is a collaborative procedure between the New Zealanders and the society they belong. The people should broaden their minds about health care so as to avoid any kind of illness which will endanger their lives. Many of the citizens in New Zealand ask for medical assistance in order to make them well. That is one of the reasons why the government provides education for safe sex, urban planning, drug addiction, among others. The country has a public health institution that will advise those sick people not to be in contact with healthy individual to avoid contamination and spread of diseases. Every individual has its own way of taking care of their own health. One factor for this is their lifestyle. The New Zealanders have different lifestyle and so different illness or diseases contribute to the problem of health care in the country. It is true that everyone takes care of his health but the society has his on share to give medication to the people. Many are not well informed of the consequences of their daily routine or lifestyle, like the effect of smoking both to the smoker and the people around him, of not eating a well-balanced meal even the effect on the body of those who always work on a graveyard shift. The society got a responsibility over the health of every individual. And so proper dissemination of prevention of illness and promote good health should be done by the society particularly the government to help individual take care of themselves. There are many factors affecting the health of an individual like pollution, drug addiction, sanitation, food, water, health awareness and the spread of communicable diseases. The government have a thorough research on the prevention of diseases because the society believes that it would be easier for the individual to know what they should do to prevent diseases in order to lessen the pains and suffering on the part of the patient. All the people in New Zealand will be benefited, not only the sick ones. The urban planning is a nice strategy of the government to promote health care to the citizenry. Here, the people are given the options to have healthy choices for transportation and to avoid means of transportation that would be detrimental to his or her health. In urban planning, people likewise shall have a good recreation centers where they could engage in sport activities or do any of their preferred recreational activities. In addition, a good planning shall likewise provide the population of the work or job they would engage in that would not endanger their health. As what was said earlier, that it is a collaborative process, the people should be responsible of their own respective health and pay for their own health care. The responsibility of the society is to maintain and promote good health to every citizen and to provide financial support for the health maintenance in the country. Everyone knows that personal responsibility contributes much for a better health care. The p eople especially in the rural areas should be well informed on personal hygiene and the importance of cleanliness of the environment. Sanitation and cleanliness are great factors for a sound mind and body. The physical environment is also a contributory for good health. The government agencies prohibits any acts of pollution affecting the health of people. Pollution affects the lungs especially for the most vulnerable ones, the young kids and the old ones. Food is one of the needs of the body that everyone should know the right kind of food in order to have a healthy body. The government with the help of all health care providers shall see to it that healthy foods should be made available all the time so as to prevent the high rate of diseases related to diet and food intake in the country. To achieve this, people should be informed of the good effects of eating healthy foods and to discourage people to eat unhealthy foods. In view of this, all efforts of the government to promote health and improve health care, the people must be responsive and to take responsibility to take care of their own health. Health care is a global priority because all citizens in the society are after their health. Health institutions in New Zealand shall give special attention to health care for the benefit of all its people. Education and training Policy on education and training play a very vital role in the prevention and cure of illness and diseases. The policy on these must be prioritized to ensure achievement of a health society. The society and the family have their own respective roles to achieve the balance for health care insofar as education and training are concerned. The society includes among others, the government. The government should take a lead in educating and disseminating information pertaining to health care. It must set laws and rules which the population shall obey and abide. As the government enforces its laws, it must have programs that are acceptable and applicable to any type of sectors of the society. This would help the people to adapt easily and apply in their respective families and ultimately becomes routinary. All of this endeavour of the government must be supported by the private sectors. Extensive education, training and re-training by the government are futile without the cooperation of people. Everyone must be receptive with the laws and rules set by the government. It is the people that would transcribe the law into policy. Families, which are the basic unit of the society, have the greatest responsibility in the achievement of the goal. Each member has a responsibility to teach the whole family one way or another. Other members of the society that could be influential to these would be the schools, health care providers and the church. Upon the enforcement of the laws and cooperation of everybody, there shall be changed in the behaviour of the individual and eventually of the society and country to achieve such balance. Business regulations combining work and care giving As part of the implementation of the program of the government to achieve balance of responsibility for health care of the society and family, all work places must have regulations that combines work and care giving. Offices must have facilities that would allow employees to perform their duties as parents especially for their needy children. A common example of this is breastfeeding areas for nursing mothers. The office shall have a private place to allow nursing mothers to express milk for their newly born babies. Practices like this would encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies and providing them breastmilk, which are far more beneficial for the newborn babies than any other commercially prepared milk, thus, promoting good health. Strict implementation of such policies likewise needs the cooperation and involvement of everybody to help achieve the balance of responsibility for health care between society and family. Tax benefits and payments to caregivers In order to encourage all caregivers to provide a quality healthcare and to entice people to pursue a career as caregivers, there should be a good and steady tax benefits and payments for caregivers as one of their incentives. The government shall take a lead role for the implemention of this. The private sector shall only apply such rule if there is a strong political will. Once these policy intervention solutions mentioned above are established, we could be assured of the achievement of an equal responsibility for health care between the society and family. Conclusion Taking care of oneself, help of the government and the care of the caregivers is a collaborative way of having a healthy individual in the society. If everyone help each other and not blaming is a very wise thing to do. We cannot control or change the so many factor of contributing to bad health but if we do our part in making our community a healthy one then we should accept and take responsibility that we are liable to our own health and everyones health.

Barriers In Language

`Foe` by J. M. Coetzee is the story of Susan Barton who lost her daughter and has gone searching for her – until she was jumped ship because of a mutiny. She became alone and a castaway and was washed ashore to an island. There she saw and met earlier inhabitants, Cruso and Friday. Cruso is an Englishman and he is in his mid-sixties. Friday is Cruso’s manservant. He is a slave of African descent. Friday has a speaking disability as his tongue has been cut by slave traders.Both Cruso and Friday does not intend to leave that island and continues with his constant activity of looking for food to eat; gathering stones and building them as terraces. After one year, Cruso, Friday and Susan were chanced upon by a trader. They were saved by the trader and took them on board his ship. Cruso was very ill at that time and could not do anything except to accept. However, Cruso dies before the group reaches England. They decided to throw the dead body of Cruso to the sea. It is only Susan and Friday who successfully made it back to England and decided to stay together as master and servant.In England, Susan looked for Daniel Defoe (or simply known as Foe), a publisher, who she thought would help her publish her memoir entitled â€Å"The Female Castaway†. Susan thought that the money she will earn from the publication will help her and Friday to sustain and support their needs. Susan and Foe eventually became lovers, but Foe takes Susan for granted and in the end could not really help Susan as he had to face so many problems of his own. Susan â€Å"Foe† is a novel that is considered as archetypal and post-modern. It illustrates a creative technique in languages of narration, of telling stories.The novel triggers the issue of whether there is a possibility of a true and right story – depending on who is telling it. Susan Barton as a survivor who lives to tell the tale about her life as a castaway with Cruso, deems to possess the authority ab out the truth of the story. However, as Foe is commissioned to assist in writing the story of Susan, the issue of how Foe interprets the story will create a difference. Foe considers zeroing-in on the story and characterization of Friday. Foe even believes that Friday can nevertheless be taught how to communicate, despite his tongue is cut.Friday can therefore â€Å"tell his story†, despite his inability to speak. Foe enlightens Susan that the struggle to tell a story can be surpassed in many other forms beyond speech. Susan on the other believes that her recounting and evaluating her analysis of Cruso would be the better part of the story in her memoir. Furthermore, Foe believes that the year long, boring experience of Susan in the island does not carry â€Å"much meat† to a story of struggle. Foe considers the incessant pursuit of Susan on her lost daughter in Bahia as a more forceful human element in narrating a story.Therefore, there is the reality of how stories c an change as it is perceived by the narrator or the story teller or the writer. Much as Susan wants to pursue writing her memoir by herself, she on the other hand acknowledges that she does not bear the flare and flow and fancy of the writing style of Foe. She is then faced with a compromise, yet a compromise that is nevertheless moot and academic as Foe cannot continue helping Susan due to his personal and financial problems. â€Å"The God of Small Things† by Arundhati Roy is an Indian novel of perpetual struggle towards pursuit of truth by a fraternal twins, Rahel and Estha.From their deplorabole childhood in Aymanam, Kerala, India, until they were reunited in their adult years, theirs is a story of emancipation from their deplorable past. Rahel and Estha are the children of Ammu and a Tea Estate Manager, whom Ammu marries as a way to escape the violence and injustices of her father, Pappachi Shri Benaan John Ipe. Eventually through the course of the marriage of their mothe r Ammu and father, the man becomes an alcoholic and becomes abusive and violent. Ammu left her husband and took her twins and she had no choice except to go back to her father, Papaachi.One day, Ammu became friends with a factory worker, Velutha. He belongs to the untouchable caste level of India’s society. And, they found that they are in love with each other. Definitely the family of Ammy highly deplores the arrangement. She was locked up in her room to prevent her from continually seeing Velutha. Rahel and Estha were so sad and affected by the state of their mother and asked her to explain to them why their situation is as such. Ammu in her anger tells the twins that they are the reason why she is in such situation.Ammu shouted at the twins and told them to go away. Thus, the twins did run away. However, the twins has a cousin Sophie, who is the daughter of Margaret and their Uncle Chacko. So, Sophie was the one who convinced the twins to go with her. During the night as t hey were escaping, the boat they were using capsized. As they were struggling to save themselves, Sophie drowns. The twins tried to find Sophie and/or her body but to no avail. They instead found a way to reach the other side of the river and sought refuse in an abandoned housea and they fell asleep.Rahel and Estha did not realize that in the other side of the house was Velathu for apparently that abandoned house is the secret meeting place of their mother Ammu and Velathu. The twins have an aunt, Auntie Baby Kochamma, the sister of Ammu. Auntie Baby Kochamma was the one who told the police that it was Velutha who caused the deathof Sophie – when her body was eventually found. Auntie Baby Kochamma also told the police that Velutha tried to rape Ammu and he kept on threatening their entire family and that Velutha wanted to kidnap the twins. The twins got frightened as to what their Auntie has been falsely telling the police.So they told the police what they really know about h ow Sophie died. The police saw how the complication is building up. As a communist, Velutha has many supporters. These supporters will rally against the authorities if the truth about the accusations were revealed. So the police told Auntie Baby Kochamma that until she forces the twins to change their story, the blame about the wrongful accusations will fall Baby Kochamma. What Baby Kochamma did was to further complicate the situation by telling the twins that if they did not change their story, they will all go to jail – the twins and their mother.As their mother is endangered by all of the circumstances, Rahel and Estha decided to change not push thru with their real story with the police. And they likewise testified that Velutha caused the death of Sophie. Ammu learned of what transpired and was deeply affected by the false accusations. She told the police look for the truth as what Baby Kochamma said are lies. Baby Kochamma and Ammu have a brother, Chacko, the husband of Margaret. Baby Kochamma convinced Chacko that Ammu and the twins are instead the real cause of the death of Sophie.Chacko got so mad at Ammu and sends her and her twins away from their house. Ammu sent Estha to her Tea Estate Manager father and Rahel stayed with her. Ammu eventually dies in poverty. Rahel as a grown up adult goes to the United States and gets married. When she likewise ended up in divorce she returns to Ayamman and she gets reunited with Estha. â€Å"The God of Small Things† is glaringly expose the magnanimous possibilities of abuse and corruption of children. There are things that adults sometime take for granted that leaves an indelible mark on children.Indeed as the story is a first person narration from the young eyes of Rahel, one of the twins – the events and the reaction of the twins are truly palpable. What they went through how one lie leads to another lie until everything that is happening to them becomes a perceived truth – i. e. , al l because of the consistency of lies. And considering that the only thing the twins were hoping for is the safety of their mother that they can eventually be safe with her and enjoy her love and that they can work towards a bright future.In one simple truth of a story to be twisted and turned and aggravated without them knowing why, they all of a sudden saw the bleakness and the defeat of all possibilities in their lives. Dwelling so profoundly on human nature, â€Å"The God of Small Things† illustrate the basic need of love and respect and the desire for basic happiness. Yet, the simplicity of such seemingly small things can be brutally ruined by malice and manipulations. Foe and The God of Small Things – are definitely about struggles.The common thread that the two stories share is about the challenges and tests of time that Susan Barton and even Friday (as a slave being traded) and the twins Rahel and Estha encountered in their lives. Both stories excruciatingly ill ustrate the desire of the characters to survive. To win over their challenging circumstances – which in the first place, especially in the eyes of the children are so undefinable and unexplainable as to why they were happening. The difference becomes distant because the approach and the effect of the struggles of Susan and Friday who are already in their adult age, becomes manageable.As Susan encounters the twist on her opportunity to have her memoir written, could figure a way out to achieve her goal. On the other hand in the case of the twins in â€Å"The God of Small Things†, they encountered their most diabolical circumstances at such tender age of innocence. Everything that transpired utterly confused them. Unknowingly and beyond their comprehensive and control, the twins were surrounded by utter Dysfunction: a country and a government struggling between democracy and communism; abusive and violent elders; immoral relationships among levels of society; due process of law that can be corrupted.Therefore, the glaring difference between the struggles of Susan and the twins is the very profound, palpable and heartwrenching sadness that the experience of the twins went through. â€Å"The God of Small Things† is a very sad story that can even linger with the reader for sometime. There is always the tendency to deeply sympathise with the struggles of children. However, both Foe and Small things are stories that bear very profound and strong lessons on humanism and sensitivity towards the truth. Part of winning or being victorious about any struggle is to achieve the truth.When Susan was deterred from having her true story told because Foe could not help her, she still stays intact and determined to find a way for her truth to be told. The extreme dire case of the twins kept them at bay with their truth. The twins do not even eventually get to conclude and understand what the truth is. It can therefore be gleaned that stories are not just eve nts and words. Choosing the right words to be said at the right time contribute to the betterment of narration and eventually the achievement of truth.Stories are likewise characters of conviction. It is the ability to tell the story with dignity, with strength, with determination. The composite feature of the story is how the story teller, the narrator, the writer would stand by with all his strength and all his faith about the story. The role of language therefore rests on the structure of words that befit the sentiment of the story should be put to its proper place. Between â€Å"Foe† and â€Å"The God of Small Things†, the determination for the stories of the characters to be told – is firm and powerful.

The Enron Corporation Scandal - 1791 Words

IDENTIFY THE ACCOUNTING PRACTICES THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCOUNTING SCANDAL. The Enron Corporation failures made world headlines for many reasons ranging from greed from its executives, the alleged malpractice and criminal behaviours, and its quick and disastrous collapse. The most critical factor in Enron’s melt down was the use of creative and manipulative accounting practices to distort reported proï ¬ tability and indebtedness that befell the corporation (A. Holt and T. Eccles, 2002) The accounting practices involved in this case are the revenue recognition criteria adopted by Enron Corporation, Market to Market strategies, the use of Special Purpose Entities, booking to cost as assets and the corporate governance practices. Revenue Recognition Mark-to-market and Merchant Model Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits (cash, receivables, other assets) arising from the ordinary operating activities of an entity (such as sales of goods, sales of services, interest, royalties, and dividends). [IAS 18.7]. Revenue recognition, as defined in the IASB Framework, means incorporating an item that meets the definition of revenue in the income statement when it is probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item of revenue will flow to the entity, and the amount of revenue can be measured with reliability. Enron used revenues as its primary financial objective, performance driver and a measure of success. The employment of this hyper-inflatedShow MoreRelatedEnron Corporation : The Enron Scandal Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enron Scandal The objective of an audit is to â€Å"obtain reasonable assurance† of the credibility of the financial statements of a company . 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Case Analysis Operations Decision - 1560 Words

Assignment 2: Operations Decision Market Structure The market structure which the low-calorie frozen, microwavable food company is likely to operating in is the oligopoly structure whereby it could be either in a duopoly or not. A duopoly market structure is defined as a market structure whereby there are few firms in the same industry. This market structure that lies between the other two market structures, that is, monopoly market structure and perfectly competitive market structure. In this market structure, there are two or more sellers but this number of sellers is not as large as the ones that operate in perfectly competitive market. Since there is the cross sectional demand in the†¦show more content†¦In essence, Vives (2001) argued that the price quantity combination will be greatly influenced by the actions and decisions that are made by the rest of the firms in the duopoly market. In other words, the profits that are made by each and every seller are as a result of the actions and decisions that have been reached by each individual seller in the market. The monopoly price that will be charged under this market structure will be as a result of a series of consultations or simply due to individual experiments. For the low-calorie frozen, microwavable food company to maximize its profits there is need to fix its price through an analysis with the assumption in mind that there exists only one firm in the market. In the event one or more of the firms fix their price higher than this price, this firm will make a gain and also if in case it fixes the price lower than the others, it will lose. Factors of Change The assumption was that the firm was operating under a perfectly competitive market, however, it later turned out that the firm is in an imperfect market, namely, the duopoly market structure. 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